"Crkveni vojnici" u srednjovekovnoj Srbiji
Church Soldiers in Medieval Serbia
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Српски средњовековни извори познају термин „црквени војник“
којим су означени припадници војних слојева становништва у служби манастира. У раду
је детаљније указано на деловање властеличића и пронијара на црквеним поседима.
Показано је да су њихова задужења била усмерена на чување и одржавање манастирског
комплекса, пиргова, или тврђава који их штитили или других поседа у оквиру црквених
властелинстава. Такође, црквени војници су представљали личну пратњу игумана током
путовања. На примерима неколико великих манастира указано је да је постојала подела
задужења унутар војне посаде.
The existance of soldiers in monastery or bishopric service was confirmed in numerous
Serbian medieval documents. The very expression "church soldier" was noted in several
monastery charters. Churches and monasteries don't have subordinated noblemen from the group
of highly ranked or medium ranked noblemen. However, there are numerous examples where
the church subjects are lower ranked noblemen, soldiers, small landowners or "pronija" holders.
The needs of church institutions for military class was not big. Yet, each one of the more
important monasteries had its crew which used to protect the very monastery, its squares, roads
and the safety of the property and monk community. The earliest mentioning of church soldiers
are found in the charter of king Milutin for the St. George monastery in Skopje, but their duties
were based on the old laws which used to be applies in the estate of Studenica and Mileševa
monastery.
In the process of forming large church estates, the rulers ...used to find the estates held
by small noblemen. They were mostly subordinated to monasteries then, and they would owe
their duties to the church master, instead of the ruler. A great number of small noblemen was
mentioned on Banjskа, Dečani and Saint Archangels properties. The charters of Dečani
monastery testify that it had a numerous and well developed military crew, inside of which there
were differentiations and various duties as well. At the head of the whole military crew was
"čelnik," and to his command laymen, military men, guards and semi-military craftsmen were
subordinated. Military horsemen are small noblemen heirs- at least seven families, which were
alternated in the military crew of the fort. Prohor and his men, with ten families were holding
guard, and the maintainance of the monastery fort was given to master Djordjija and his
companions. The monastery of Holy Archangels near Prizren also had a group of small
noblemen at its disposal. This monastery had at its disposal the fortress of Višegrad in which the
military crew in charge of the defense was based. In post Nemanjić era the number of small
noblemen mentioned in monastery charters was smaller. Monastery Ravanica and Resava were
begirded with solid forts like many other towns of that period and they certainly had serious crew
which was under ruler's jurisdiction.
Кључне речи:
vojska / pronija / crkveni vojnici / manastiri / Dečani / srednjovekovna SrbijaИзвор:
Црквене студије, 2024, 21, 241-255Издавач:
- Центар за црквене студије, Ниш
Финансирање / пројекти:
- Пројекат „Свети Сава у српској духовности и култури (2022–2025)”, који реализује Одељење за светосавске студије Центра за црквене студије
- Министарство науке, технолошког развоја и иновација Републике Србије, институционално финансирање - 200163 (Универзитет у Београду, Филозофски факултет) (RS-MESTD-inst-2020-200163)
Институција/група
Istorija / HistoryTY - JOUR AU - Koprivica, Marija PY - 2024 UR - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6440 AB - Српски средњовековни извори познају термин „црквени војник“ којим су означени припадници војних слојева становништва у служби манастира. У раду је детаљније указано на деловање властеличића и пронијара на црквеним поседима. Показано је да су њихова задужења била усмерена на чување и одржавање манастирског комплекса, пиргова, или тврђава који их штитили или других поседа у оквиру црквених властелинстава. Такође, црквени војници су представљали личну пратњу игумана током путовања. На примерима неколико великих манастира указано је да је постојала подела задужења унутар војне посаде. AB - The existance of soldiers in monastery or bishopric service was confirmed in numerous Serbian medieval documents. The very expression "church soldier" was noted in several monastery charters. Churches and monasteries don't have subordinated noblemen from the group of highly ranked or medium ranked noblemen. However, there are numerous examples where the church subjects are lower ranked noblemen, soldiers, small landowners or "pronija" holders. The needs of church institutions for military class was not big. Yet, each one of the more important monasteries had its crew which used to protect the very monastery, its squares, roads and the safety of the property and monk community. The earliest mentioning of church soldiers are found in the charter of king Milutin for the St. George monastery in Skopje, but their duties were based on the old laws which used to be applies in the estate of Studenica and Mileševa monastery. In the process of forming large church estates, the rulers used to find the estates held by small noblemen. They were mostly subordinated to monasteries then, and they would owe their duties to the church master, instead of the ruler. A great number of small noblemen was mentioned on Banjskа, Dečani and Saint Archangels properties. The charters of Dečani monastery testify that it had a numerous and well developed military crew, inside of which there were differentiations and various duties as well. At the head of the whole military crew was "čelnik," and to his command laymen, military men, guards and semi-military craftsmen were subordinated. Military horsemen are small noblemen heirs- at least seven families, which were alternated in the military crew of the fort. Prohor and his men, with ten families were holding guard, and the maintainance of the monastery fort was given to master Djordjija and his companions. The monastery of Holy Archangels near Prizren also had a group of small noblemen at its disposal. This monastery had at its disposal the fortress of Višegrad in which the military crew in charge of the defense was based. In post Nemanjić era the number of small noblemen mentioned in monastery charters was smaller. Monastery Ravanica and Resava were begirded with solid forts like many other towns of that period and they certainly had serious crew which was under ruler's jurisdiction. PB - Центар за црквене студије, Ниш T2 - Црквене студије T1 - "Crkveni vojnici" u srednjovekovnoj Srbiji T1 - Church Soldiers in Medieval Serbia EP - 255 SP - 241 VL - 21 DO - 10.18485/ccs_cs.2024.21.21.16 ER -
@article{ author = "Koprivica, Marija", year = "2024", abstract = "Српски средњовековни извори познају термин „црквени војник“ којим су означени припадници војних слојева становништва у служби манастира. У раду је детаљније указано на деловање властеличића и пронијара на црквеним поседима. Показано је да су њихова задужења била усмерена на чување и одржавање манастирског комплекса, пиргова, или тврђава који их штитили или других поседа у оквиру црквених властелинстава. Такође, црквени војници су представљали личну пратњу игумана током путовања. На примерима неколико великих манастира указано је да је постојала подела задужења унутар војне посаде., The existance of soldiers in monastery or bishopric service was confirmed in numerous Serbian medieval documents. The very expression "church soldier" was noted in several monastery charters. Churches and monasteries don't have subordinated noblemen from the group of highly ranked or medium ranked noblemen. However, there are numerous examples where the church subjects are lower ranked noblemen, soldiers, small landowners or "pronija" holders. The needs of church institutions for military class was not big. Yet, each one of the more important monasteries had its crew which used to protect the very monastery, its squares, roads and the safety of the property and monk community. The earliest mentioning of church soldiers are found in the charter of king Milutin for the St. George monastery in Skopje, but their duties were based on the old laws which used to be applies in the estate of Studenica and Mileševa monastery. In the process of forming large church estates, the rulers used to find the estates held by small noblemen. They were mostly subordinated to monasteries then, and they would owe their duties to the church master, instead of the ruler. A great number of small noblemen was mentioned on Banjskа, Dečani and Saint Archangels properties. The charters of Dečani monastery testify that it had a numerous and well developed military crew, inside of which there were differentiations and various duties as well. At the head of the whole military crew was "čelnik," and to his command laymen, military men, guards and semi-military craftsmen were subordinated. Military horsemen are small noblemen heirs- at least seven families, which were alternated in the military crew of the fort. Prohor and his men, with ten families were holding guard, and the maintainance of the monastery fort was given to master Djordjija and his companions. The monastery of Holy Archangels near Prizren also had a group of small noblemen at its disposal. This monastery had at its disposal the fortress of Višegrad in which the military crew in charge of the defense was based. In post Nemanjić era the number of small noblemen mentioned in monastery charters was smaller. Monastery Ravanica and Resava were begirded with solid forts like many other towns of that period and they certainly had serious crew which was under ruler's jurisdiction.", publisher = "Центар за црквене студије, Ниш", journal = "Црквене студије", title = ""Crkveni vojnici" u srednjovekovnoj Srbiji, Church Soldiers in Medieval Serbia", pages = "255-241", volume = "21", doi = "10.18485/ccs_cs.2024.21.21.16" }
Koprivica, M.. (2024). "Crkveni vojnici" u srednjovekovnoj Srbiji. in Црквене студије Центар за црквене студије, Ниш., 21, 241-255. https://doi.org/10.18485/ccs_cs.2024.21.21.16
Koprivica M. "Crkveni vojnici" u srednjovekovnoj Srbiji. in Црквене студије. 2024;21:241-255. doi:10.18485/ccs_cs.2024.21.21.16 .
Koprivica, Marija, ""Crkveni vojnici" u srednjovekovnoj Srbiji" in Црквене студије, 21 (2024):241-255, https://doi.org/10.18485/ccs_cs.2024.21.21.16 . .