Kognitivni prediktori disforičnog afekta u kasnoj adolescenciji

Abstract

Cilj. Kognitivno-bihejvioralna terapija je ustanovila različite kognitivne konstrukte koji imaju značajnu empirijsku podršku u objašnjenjima nastanka i održavanja depresije. Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se ustanovi koji od ovih konstrukata može najbolje predvideti disforični afekat u kasnoj adolescenciji. Metod. Uzorak se sastojao od 140 studentkinja psihologije (N=140, M=22, SD=1.7) koje su testirane dva puta sa vremenskim razmakom od tri meseca. Kognitivne varijable uključuju disfunkcionalne stavove, kognitivnu reaktivnost na tugu, ruminativni stil reagovanja i supresiju negativnih misli za koje smo pretpostavili da predviđaju nastanak disforičnog afekta merenih Bekovim Inventarom depresije. Rezultati. Najbolji prediktor skorova na Bekovom inventaru depresije, nezavisno od inicijalnih skorova na ovom inventaru tri meseca ranije i drugih kognitivnih varijabli, jeste Negativna samoprocena - faktor Leiden Indeksa depresivne senzitivnosti koji meri kognitivnu reaktivnost na tugu. Takođe smo našli značajan efekat interakcije inicijalnih skorova na Bekovom inventaru depresije i faktora Negativne samoprocene. Zaključak. Disforični afekat adolescenata koji imaju najveću kognitivnu reaktivnost, dostiže nivo subkliničke depresije tri meseca kasnije. Drugim rečima, adolescenti koji su disforični i istovremeno negativno procenjuju sebe teže da postanu sve više i više disforični tokom vremena. Ovaj rezultat je značajan pošto je subklinička depresija stabilan prediktor potonje kliničke depresije.

Objective. Cognitive-behavioral therapy has established different cognitive constructs which have solid empirical evidence in explanations of the development and maintenance of depression. The purpose of this study is to establish which of that constructs can best predict dysphoric affect in late adolescence. Methods. The sample consisted of 140 female psychology students (M=22, SD=1.7) who were tested twice over a three-month span. Cognitive variables include dysfunctional attitudes, cognitive reactivity to sad mood, ruminative response style and suppression of negative thoughts, which were presumed to predict development of dysphoric affect, measured by Beck's Depression Inventory three months later. Results. The best predictor of scores on the Beck's Depression Inventory, independently of the initial scores on that inventory three months before and other cognitive variables is Negative Self-Evaluation - factor of the Leiden Index of depressive sensitivity which measures cognitive reactivity to sad mood. We have also found out a significant effect of interaction of the initial scores on the Beck's Depression Inventory and the Negative Self-Evaluation factor. Conclusion. Dysphoric affect of adolescents who have the highest cognitive reactivity reaches the level of subclinical depression three months later. In other words, adolescents who are dysphoric and negativly evaluate themselves, at the same time tend to become more and more dysphoric as the time was passing by. This result is important as subclinical depression is the stable predictor of subsequent onset of clinical depression.