Stručno usavršavanje nastavnika u oblasti prevencije nepoželjnih ponašanja učenika

Abstract

Polazeći od značaja prevencije nepoželjnih ponašanja učenika u školi, u radu se razmatra uloga nastavnika u ostvarivanju preventivne funkcije škole i potreba za stručnim usavršavanjem koje nastavnicima pomaže da adekvatno odgovore na zahteve ovog segmenta svog vaspitno-obrazovnog delovanja. Uloga nastavnika u prevenciji nepoželjnih ponašanja ogleda se u njegovom celokupnom ponašanju, tj. odnosu prema učenicima i uvažavanju njihovih individualnih karakteristika, odabiru aktivnosti, metoda i oblika rada itd. U skladu sa raznovrsnošću uloga koje nastavnik ostvaruje u nastavnom i vaspitnom radu, stručno usavršavanje u oblasti prevencije nepoželjnih ponašanja zahteva razvijanje različitih kompetencija nastavnika koje im pomažu da adekvatnije odgovore na potrebe učenika (obrazovne, emocionalne, socijalne). U radu se ukazuje na oblasti i teme stručnog usavršavanja koje nastavnicima mogu pomoći u njihovom preventivnom delovanju, kao što su: poznavanje razvojnih karakteristika dece različitog uzrasta, priroda i mehanizmi javljanja i razvoja nepoželjnih ponašanja, interpersonalni odnosi nastavnika i učenika, mogućnosti i efekti primene različitih didaktičko-metodičkih rešenja u nastavi itd.

Starting from the importance of the prevention of undesirable behaviours of students in school, the paper considers the role of the teacher in the realization of the preventive function of school and the need for in-service teacher training which can help teachers to meet adequately the requirements of this segment of their educational work. The role of the teacher in the prevention of undesirable behaviours is reflected in the totality of the teacher's behaviour, i.e. their attitudes towards the students and respect for individual characteristics, as well as the selection of activities, methods and forms of work, etc. Considering the versatility of the roles the teacher plays in the teaching process, in-service training in the prevention of undesirable behaviours requires the development of various competencies that can help teachers meet the needs of the students (educational, emotional, social) adequately. The paper stresses areas and themes for teacher training which can help teachers in their preventive activities, such as: awareness of the developmental characteristics of children of different ages, the nature and mechanisms of the emergence and development of undesirable behaviours, interpersonal relations between the teacher and students, possibilities and effects of the application of various didactic-methodological solutions in the teaching process, etc.