Dualni model srednjeg stručnog obrazovanja - primer Austrije

Abstract

Dualno obrazovanje, kao oblik ostvarivanja srednjeg stručnog obrazovanja, podrazumeva da se obrazovanje i obuka odvijaju na dve lokacije - u školi i u preduzeću (kompaniji, organizaciji), kao i da te dve ustanove zajedno učestvuju u realizaciji stručnog obrazovanja. Rad sadrži prikaz i analizu načina funkcionisanja dualnog obrazovanja u Austriji. U okviru toga, posebna pažnja je usmerena na zakonsku regulativu u ovoj oblasti, način ostvarivanja dualnog obrazovanja, prohodnost kroz sistem i perspektive mladih na tržištu rada. Među ključnim odlikama dualnog obrazovanja, koje se ujedno smatraju i faktorima kojima se pripisuje njegova uspešnost, izdvajaju se: aktivna uloga socijalnih partnera u koncipiranju i realizaciji stručnog obrazovanja; intenzivna i kvalitetna praktična nastava/obuka; sistemska povezanost stručnih škola i preduzeća koja pružaju obuku; usklađenost ponude obrazovnih profila sa potrebama tržišta rada; sistem podsticaja preduzećima za pružanjem stručne obuke; jasno uspostavljena legislativa i postojanje sistema stručne kvalifikacije. U radu se ukazuje i na izazove sa kojima se suočava dualno obrazovanje.

Dual education, as a form of secondary vocational education means that education and practical training are held on two locations - in school and in a company (organization, factory) and that these two institutions jointly participate in the realization of vocational education. The paper presents an account of the functioning of dual education in Austria. In that framework special attention was paid to law regulations in this field, the modes of dual education, progression through the system and the perspectives of the young in the labour market. Among the key features of dual education which are, at the same time, considered the factors of its successfulness, the following stand out: active role of social partners in the conceptualization and realization of vocational education; intensive practical training of high quality; systemic interrelatedness of vocational schools and firms where practical training is provided, the compliance of the offer of educational profiles and the needs of labour market; the system of stimulation for the firms that provide professional training for students, clear legislation and the system of professional qualifications. Yet, the challenges of dual educations are not neglected in the paper.