Interaktivna nastava - aktivno učenje Kao vid osavremenjavanja nastave

Abstract

U ovom radu ocrtali smo osnovne ideje i dosadašnju realizaciju projekta Aktivno učenje - primena metoda nastave/učenja (AUN). AUN projekat je nastao iniciran ozbiljnim problemima u našem obrazovanju. Dugoročan cilj ovog projekta jeste promena metoda nastave/učenja u jugoslovenskim školama, tako da decu bolje opreme relevantnim znanjima i umećima za budući profesionalni i privatni život, koji će se odvijati u bitno izmenjenim društveno-ekonomskim uslovima. Drugi cilj je promena položaja deteta u školi. U redovnoj školskoj praksi dete je svedeno samo na kognitivni aspekt (i to jedan uži deo), a zanemaruju se drugi izuzetno važni segmenti dečje ličnosti (npr. socijalna, emocionalna sfera, kreativnost). AUN predstavlja originalnu sintezu nekih modernih gledanja na školsko učenje. Centralna razlika ovog pristupa od sličnih programa/pokreta, pre svega od 'stare' aktivne škole s početka veka, jeste definisanje ključnog pojma aktivnosti učenika u procesu školskog učenja. U AUN, ključni pojam aktivnosti učenika razrađuje se u svetlu pijaželjeovskog pojma aktivne konstrukcije znanja i vigotskijanskog pojma zajedničkih aktivnosti, to jest - konstrukcije znanja deteta i odraslog u okviru asimetrične interakcije u školi. Do sada su valuirani koncepcija projekta i programa i proces implementacije, a u pripremi je poseban istraživački projekat za evaluaciju promena u školama i efekata kod učenika pri primeni AUN metodologije.

The work sketches the basic ideas and the realization of the project Active studying - the application of the method of active teaching/studying (ATS/AUN). The ATS project was initiated by the serious problems in education in this country. A long term objective of this project is a change of the method of teaching/studying in Yugoslav schools, so that the children might be better equipped by relevant knowledge and skills the need in future professional and private life in essentially changed socio-economic conditions. Another objective is the change in the child's position in school. In the regular school practice the child is reduced to only a cognitive aspect (a narrower part of it, that is), whereas other very important segments of the child's personality are neglected (e.g. social, emotional sphere, creativity). The ATS presents a unique synthesis of some modern insights into the studying in school. The vital difference of this approach from the similar programs/movements, in the first place from the 'old' school at the beginning of the century, is the definition of the key concept of activity of the pupil in the process of school studying. In the ATS, the key concept of the activity of pupil is worked out in the light of the Piagette concept of the active construction of knowledge and Vigotszky concept of mutual activities, that is, co-construction of the knowledge of the child and the adult in the frame of asymmetric interaction in school. So far, the conception of projects and program and the process of implementation have been evaluated, while under preparation is a special research project for the evaluation of changes in schools and effects when ATS methodology is applied with pupils.