Kuga u ranomodernom Beogradu: Uzroci, strahovi i posledice

Abstract

Rad analizira pojavu jedne od najznačajnijih epidemija u ranomodernoj epohi, koja je po ondašnje stanovništvo imala ne samo zdravstvene, već i moralne posledice. U izradi rada u prvom redu korišćeni su putopisi i memoarska literatura, čiji su tvorci savremenici koji su se u trenutku kada je kuga pustošila Beograd zatekli u njemu.

Plague in early modern Belgrade becomes a constant occurrence since the time of the Ottoman conquest. Th e biggest problem of the research of the plague epidemic in Belgrade is the lack of adequate historical sources, so the rhythm of its deadliness can not be determined with absolute certainty. In addition, this issue is burdened with lack of regular censuses taken by the Ottoman authorities during the 17th and 18th centuries, when the state had moved to a diff erent system of levying taxes. Th e scale of the impact of the plague on the total population of Belgrade could therefore be only speculated. Important fact is that since the Great Turkish War, during all subsequent Ottoman-Austrian confl icts, plague seems unavoidable visitor of Belgrade. Th is is fully in line with the research, which showed that in the period from 1700 to 1850, the Ottoman northeastern border (which Belgrade belonged to) was aff ected by 23 plagues, which lasted for a total of 59 years. Unlike some parts of Europe, where it caused a collective hysteria, as a manifestation of the general misery and uncertainty, similar cases have not been recorded in Belgrade. Th e Ottoman state greatly lagged behind Europe in the implementation of sanitary regulations, so it was completely surpassed by Austria in the early modern era, as Austria had managed to fi nish the construction of a sanitary corridor towards the Ottoman Empire in the 18th century