ГЛАВНИ ПРЕДЛОЖАК И ИЗВОР ПОДАТАКА О АНТИЦИ СЛОВА ДИОНИСИЈА НОВАКОВИЋА

Abstract

У раду се показује како је Дионисије Новаковић своје једино познато књижевноуметничко дело, Слово о похвалах и ползје наук свободних, саставио користећи као главни предложак – пре свега као извор аргумената из античке књиге – беседе познатог новолатинског писца Марка Антонија Муретуса.

The paper offers the answer on the question how Dionisije Novaković (c.1705–1767) made so numerous and so rare classical references in his Slovo o pohvalah i polzje nauk svobodnih (Speech on the glory and usefulness of liberal arts, 1742), which is the basic document from the period when the tradition of the classical humanism was in process of adoption in the schools and the literature of the Serbs. Although Novaković was highly educated in the tradition of the classical humanism, the content of his library and his exclusively theological intellectual preoccupations do not suggest that composing this speech he used directly all of the classical sources. Previous researchers thought that Novaković’s model might be among the same type academic speeches delivered in the grammar school and the theological academy in Kiev where he had studied. The search for such works certainly will bring some useful information but the dilemma about Novaković’s knowledge of all classical data in his Slovo is to be solved first-hand on the other side, comparing this speech with the famous speeches with similar topic by the 16th cent. humanist Marcus Antonius Muretus. This comparison is more sensible because Muretus was read in modern humanistic schools as the best modern Latin orator. The analysis carried out in this paper made known that Novaković had modeled his Slovo after seven Muretus’ speeches – De dignitate ac praestantia studii theologici (1552), De laudibus litterarum (1554), De laudibus ac praestantia litterarum humaniorum adversus quosdam earum vituperatiores (1555), De philosophiae et eloquentiae coniunctione (1557), De moralis philosоphiae laudibus (1563), De utilitate, iucunditate ac praestantia litterarum (1573) and Cum explanaturus esset Aeneida Virgilii (1579). Novaković used these speeches as his model in the first part of his Slovo, where he speaks generally about the value of education and where he compares man committed to education with man committed to military career, as well as in the second part, the central one of it, where he presents diciplines promoted by him – classical trivium (grammary with poetics, rhetoric, philosophy) and theology. Muretus’ speeches served to Novaković first of all as the source of arguments from the classical literature, i.e. of various illustrative examples or quotations which he applied in rhetorical manner of auctoritas maiorum. Muretus’ Latin text Novaković sometimes translates literally, sometimes paraphrastically. The difference between Novaković’s audience of pupils and poorly educated clergy and Muretus’ audience of same level intellectuals coerced the author of Slovo to be selective in taking over the classical material from his main source so that he omitted classical authors and writings unfamiliar to addressees of his speech. Another way of adaptation of the material of his model was the contamination of data from two speeches.