Najčešće teškoće osoba sa dijabetesom i potreba za psihološkom podrškom: preliminarni rezultati

Abstract

Institut za javno zdravlje Srbije “Dr Milan Jovanović Batut“ procenjuje da u Srbiji više od 710.000 stanovnika živi sa dijabetesom, što je više od 10% populacije. Uzimajući u obzir trend porasta prevalence, Svetska zdravstvena organizacija je procenila da će do 2040. godine svaki 5. stanovnik Srbije imati ovu dijagnozu. Nakon što je osobi saopštena dijagnoza, ona se suočava sa novim izazovima i obavezama, budući da adekvatno zbrinjavanje dijabetesa zahteva mnogo planiranja, prilagođavanja i samokontrole. Takvi zahtevi mogu postati psihološki opterećujući za osobu i za njenu okolinu. Istraživanje je imalo za cilj utvrđivanje najčešćih psiholoških teškoća i potrebe za psihološkom podrškom u kontekstu dijabetesa. Korišćeni instrumenti su upitnik PAID (Problem Areas in Diabetes Questionnaire), WHO (Five) WellBeing Index, kao i kratak upitnik o stavovima prema psihološkoj podršci i savetovanju, konstruisan za potrebe ovog istraživanja. Istraživanje je sprovedeno preko interneta, a uzorak je činilo 184 osobe oba pola (ženski pol = 75,5%, muški pol = 24,5%), tj. osobe sa dijabetesom (55%), njima bliski prijatelji (10%) i članovi njihovih porodica (35%). Rezultati deskriptivne statistike na celokupnom uzorku pokazali su da se sledeće teškoće sa kojima se osobe sa dijabetesom suočavaju izdvajaju kao dominantne: briga za budućnost i mogućnost da budu suočeni sa ozbiljnim komplikacijama (64%), briga oko reakcija na nizak nivo šećera u krvi (50%) i osećanje krivice i anksioznost kada se ne pridržavaju režima terapije ili ishrane (50%). Slede osećaj nemanja jasnih i konkretnih ciljeva u tretmanu dijabetesa (45%), osećanje da su “sagoreli” od konstantnih napora da vode računa o dijabetesu (45%) i konstantno razmišljanje i briga o ishrani (43%). Kada su u pitanju stavovi prema psihološkoj podršci, pokazano je da 99.5% ispitanika smatra da je osobama sa dijabetesom potrebno da im na raspolaganju bude besplatno psihološko savetovanje kao dodatna pomoć u suočavanju i prevazilaženju teškoća, a 91.3% da bi oni lično koristili usluge programa psihološke podrške osobama sa dijabetesom u okviru grupnog ili individualnog savetovanja. Rezultati su pokazali da veliki broj osoba koje se direktno ili indirektno suočavaju sa dijabetesom smatra da je psihološka podrška u nošenju sa ovim izazovom potrebna, te je važno da rezultati ove i sličnih studija naiđu na praktične implikacije i formiranje programa dodatne podrške kako za osobe sa dijabetesom, tako i za njima bliske osobe.

The estimates from ‘Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut’ Institute of Public Health of Serbia are that over 710,000 people in Serbia have diabetes, which is over 10% of population. Taking into account the increase of the prevalence of the condition, World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that by 2040 one in five people in Serbia will have this diagnosis. After being diagnosed, one is facing many new challenges since adequate diabetes care requires a lot of planning, adjustments, and self-control. The demands can become psychologically burdening for a person with diabetes (PWD), as well as for others around them. This study examines the most common difficulties and the need for psychological support in relation to diabetes. Instruments used were the PAID questionnaire (Problem Areas in Diabetes Questionnaire), WHO (Five) Well-Being Index, and a short questionnaire about the attitudes towards psychological support and counseling, created for the purpose of this research. The study was conducted online, and the sample included 184 participants, both gender (female = 75,5%, male = 24,5%), i.e. PWD (55%), their close friends (10%) and members of their families (35%). Data of the sample in total underwent descriptive statistical analysis and results revealed that the most common difficulties that PWD face are: concern about the future and worry that they could face serious complications in times to come (64%), concern about reactions to low blood sugar levels (50%) feeling of guilt and anxiety when not taking medication regularly or sticking to the prescribed diet (50%), followed by the feeling of not having clear goals in the treatment of diabetes(45%), feeling burned-out from taking incessant diabetes care (45%) and constantly thinking and caring about their diet (43%). Regarding the attitudes towards psychological support, 99,5% feels that PWD should be provided with free psychological counseling as auxiliary assistance in facing and overcoming these difficulties, while 91,3% say they would personally take part in a programme of psychological support to PWD as part of a group or individual counseling. The results show that a large number of persons in/directly facing diabetes feels that there is a need for psychological support in handling this challenge, therefore it is important for the results of this and similar studies to be applied in practice and used to establish additional support programs for PWD as well as for persons close to them.