Српске школе и учитељи у Старој Србији и Македонији у Великој источној кризи

Abstract

Просветна активност Одбора за школе и учитеље у Старој Србији, Македонији и Босни и Херцеговини 1868–1876. резултирала је стварањем мреже српских школа у Османском царству на територији од јужних граница Кнежевине Србије на северу до области Маријово, Дебра,околине Струге и Битоља на југу. Поред варошких и сеоских школа, које је у Старој Србији и Македонији издржавао Одбор, постојале су и сеоске и манастирске школе које је Одбор помагао књигама и слањем учитеља. Такође,постојале су и оне које су оснивали и одржавали мештани, а које су радиле независно од Одбора. Током Велике источне кризе већина школа у оном делу Старе Србије који српска војска није ослободила 1877–1878, затворене су, а њихови учитељи већином пребегли у Србију, где су нашли службу у просвети и администрацији. Мањи број учитеља остао је у својим школама, док су неке наставиле рад без помоћи српске државе. Рад је написан на основу необјављене и објављене грађе српског порекла, те литературе.

From 1868. Serbia has intensified its educational activities in the Ottoman Empire, mostly in Old Serbia and Macedonia. Educational action in this part of the Ottoman Empire was carried out by the Board for schools and teachers, established the same year. The Board has taken up regular funding of several Serbian schools that existed before its formation. It also established other schools by sending teachers to whom a regular salary was provided. In addition to Serbian schools which were created and financed by the Board, there were also rural schools, which operated independently of the Board’s actions. Teaching in these schools was mainly based on the acquisition of basic literacy, and teachers in them were priests or literate villagers. Until the outbreak of the Serbian-Turkish wars in 1876, there were about 98 Serbian schools of both types inOld Serbia. The war between the Ottoman Empire and Serbia 1876. has compromised Serbian teachers in Turkey. During the Great Eastern Crisis the largest number of male and female teachers (33 of them) were forced to flee to Serbia in fear for their life. Several teachers were arrested by the Turkish authorities, while a smaller number of male and female teachers (only 17 of them) remained in their schools. After the war (1876–1878), administration and education’s needs in the new areas won over by Serbia made possible for the most of the teachers to find a place in local schools or administration. A smaller number of teachers attained spots in schools located within the old borders, and part of them turned to the priesthood. Since the Board for schools and teachers stopped working in 1875, the reconstruction of Serbian educational work in the Ottoman Empire hasn’t been re-established neither by the end of the war in 1878, nor in the next few years. As a result, in 1882. a total of 22 Serbian schools have operated in the entire area of Old Serbia.