Кнежевина Србија и Русија (1852–1853)

Abstract

После слома европских револуција у лето 1849. године, Источно питање је поново заузело централно место у политици великих сила. Сукобљени интереси Русије и Француске у Османском царству довели су до великих заплета на истоку, који су се крајем 1853. и почетком 1854. године претворили у ратни сукоб широких размера, познат у историји као Кримски рат (1853–1856). Иако Србија није узела директног удела у догађајима проистеклим из руско-француског сукоба уочи Кримског рата, опет су ти догађаји имали великог утицаја, како на српску Кнежевину, тако исто и на српско-руске односе у периоду од 1852. до 1853. године. Анализирајући српско-руске односе у поменутом периоду, ми смо у нашем раду приказали оне факторе који су довели до нарушавања односа, а потом до њиховог побољшања.

Political situation in the Principality of Serbia after the collapse of the revolution 1848/49 was constantly deteriorating. Unstable internal situation in the country had impact on Ilija Garašanin to send a message to earthly authorities on the 07th of April 1852, known in the history as April’s circular. As per this message, it was banned to distribute false rumour „against the government, and the authorities“, and for the one who breech it the death penalty is envisaged. The mentioned message gave the cause to Fyodor Antonovitch Tumanski, Russian consul in Belgrade, to make a complaint to the Serbian government due to the austerity of the circular. The background of this pace of Russian consul was his attack on Ilija Garašanin, who was seen in the eyes of Russian diplomacy as the person working on the suppression of Russian impact in the Principality of Serbia. This was the beginning of the assault on his personality, and the highlight of this was Garašanin’s appointment of the prince’s representative, and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Principality of Serbia. Under the Russian pressure, Serbian prince was due to dismiss Garašanin of his duty on the 26th of March 1853. The removal of Ilija Garašanin did not ameliorate Serbo-Russian relationships. On the contrary, it came to the mutual distrust. While Russia suspected in Serbian state leadership to be counter Russia, leadership of the Principality of Serbia was convinced Russia tends to carry out a coup d’état , and get back to the throne the former prince Mihailo Obrenović. Nevertheless, the deterioration of the Russian-Turkish relationships, and the inkling of war conflict on the horizon, led to the amelioration of the Serbo-Russian relationships. The guilt for previous misunderstanding was reduced to Russian consuls in Belgrade.