Antropološka analiza video-narativa o makaki majmunima na YouTube kanalima: kada se divlje životinje pretvore u "kućne ljubimce"

Abstract

Predmet ovog rada su narativi o makaki majmunima, tzv. „kućnim ljubimcima“, koji čine sadržaj kućnih video-snimaka amaterskih vide- ografa na YouTube kanalima. Interesovanje za ovu vrstu „žanra“ na in- ternetu pojavilo se kod potpisnice ovih redova sasvim slučajno, pretra- gom interneta, u martu 2020. kada je zbog pandemije virusa Covid-19 bilo proglašeno vanredno stanje u Republici Srbiji. Posle nekoliko ne- delja gledanja videa s ovom tematikom i čitanja o ugroženosti pojedi- nih vrsta makaki majmuna, smanjivanju njihovih populacija i rapid- nom uništavanju prirodnih habitata, začela se ideja o pisanju članka sa jednim glavnim pitanjem na umu: šta je to u ljudskom biću što ga čini prijemčivim za posmatranje ponašanja makaki majmuna, posebno re- zus makakija, u za njih neprirodnim uslovima, u ljudskom društvu i kućnoj sredini? Ovaj rad nastoji da odgovori na to pitanje primenom kvalitativne i narativne analize na slučajni uzorak tematskih video na- rativa i uz pomoć antropološke kritike antropocentrizma i zloupotreba životinja, koja se zasniva na razumevanju odnosa između ljudskih bića i drugih vrsta primata u svetlu novih teorija o pravima životinja. Inspiracija za istraživanje ove teme i pisanje ogleda potiče iz antropološkog i interdsiciplinarnog polja proučavanja ljudsko-životinjskih odnosa i diskursa o pravima primata, ali i iz čitanja književnosti, zato što je knji- ževnost, između ostalog, moralna svest i savest društva.

The subject of this paper is the narratives about macaque monkeys, the so-called “pets,” which constitute the content of home video recordings by amateur videographers on YouTube channels. The interest in this kind of “genre” on the internet emerged for the author quite accidentally, through internet searches, in March 2020 when a state of emergency was declared in the Republic of Serbia due to the Covid-19 pandemic. After several weeks of watching videos on this topic and reading about the endangerment of certain macaque species, the reduction of their populations, and the rapid destruction of natural habitats, the idea of writing an article with a central question in mind arose: what is it in the human being that makes them receptive to observing the behavior of macaque monkeys, especially rhesus macaques, in unnatural conditions, in human society and domestic environments? This paper seeks to answer that question by applying qualitative and narrative analysis to a random sample of thematic video narratives and using anthropological critique of anthropocentrism and animal abuse, based on understanding the relationship between human beings and other primate species in light of new theories of animal rights. The inspiration for researching this topic and writing the essay comes from the anthropological and interdisciplinary field of studying human-animal relationships and the discourse on primate rights, as well as from literature, because literature, among other things, is the moral consciousness and conscience of society.