Лепота лобање: посмртни остаци „обичних“ мртвих у култури и визуелној култури касног средњег века
Beauty of the Skull: The Remains of the “Ordinary” Dead in Culture and Visual Culture of the Late Middle Ages
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Human remains were big part of medieval society, both East and West. The precious relics of the saints, the most
desirable bodies in the Middle Ages, were adored in there marvelous reliquaries, while the corpses of criminals
were left to rot before people’s very eyes, irst displayed for a period of time, and then cast aside. However, the
purpose of the present paper is to explore the relationship of medieval men toward the remains of the “ordinary”
dead. Even though they were not the most powerful, they were by far the most numerous of all the dead in medieval
communities. This relationship is explored by inquiry of many diverse beliefs, customs and practices concerning
the image of bodily decay. The perception of the putrefaction, both in the Byzantine East and the Latin West,
was ambiguous, cherishing the ideas of sin and punishment, as well as puriication and heroic asceticism. For the
ordinary dead decomposition was necessity in order to leave the physicality of this world ...and be introduced to the
community of ancestors. This also implied that while the corpse was undergoing the process of decay, the soul
was in purgatorial pains. Consequently, all that was left after decomposition were the hard dry bones. They were
then placed in the special consecrated buildings – the ossuaries – to wait in peace the future resurrection of their
lesh. Knowing this, as well as the context in which medieval men encountered the skulls in cemeteries – during
activities that more often than not had nothing to do with burying the deceased – we are able to sense the idea of
togetherness between living and dead which promised order and prosperity to the community.
Предмет интересовања овог рада је однос средњовековног човека према посмртним остацима преминулих
чланова заједнице. Супротстављене идеје које су исказивале телесна трулеж и сува кост разматрају се
кроз анализу одређеног броја репрезентативних примера касносредњовековне визуелне културе, како на
византијском Истоку тако и на латинском Западу. Нарочита пажња пoсвећена је веровањима и погребним
обичајима који су обликовали представу мртвог тела или пак сами били њом обликовани.
Кључне речи:
skull / ossuary / macabre / relics / Middle Ages / лобања / костурнице / реликвије / средњи векИзвор:
Језици и културе у времену и простору: тематски зборник, 2014, 4, 1, 43-54Издавач:
- Филозофски факултет у Новом Саду
Финансирање / пројекти:
- Српска средњовековна уметност и њен европски контекст (RS-MESTD-Basic Research (BR or ON)-177036)
Институција/група
Istorija umetnosti / History of ArtTY - CHAP AU - Ђорђевић, Јаков PY - 2014 UR - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5983 AB - Human remains were big part of medieval society, both East and West. The precious relics of the saints, the most desirable bodies in the Middle Ages, were adored in there marvelous reliquaries, while the corpses of criminals were left to rot before people’s very eyes, irst displayed for a period of time, and then cast aside. However, the purpose of the present paper is to explore the relationship of medieval men toward the remains of the “ordinary” dead. Even though they were not the most powerful, they were by far the most numerous of all the dead in medieval communities. This relationship is explored by inquiry of many diverse beliefs, customs and practices concerning the image of bodily decay. The perception of the putrefaction, both in the Byzantine East and the Latin West, was ambiguous, cherishing the ideas of sin and punishment, as well as puriication and heroic asceticism. For the ordinary dead decomposition was necessity in order to leave the physicality of this world and be introduced to the community of ancestors. This also implied that while the corpse was undergoing the process of decay, the soul was in purgatorial pains. Consequently, all that was left after decomposition were the hard dry bones. They were then placed in the special consecrated buildings – the ossuaries – to wait in peace the future resurrection of their lesh. Knowing this, as well as the context in which medieval men encountered the skulls in cemeteries – during activities that more often than not had nothing to do with burying the deceased – we are able to sense the idea of togetherness between living and dead which promised order and prosperity to the community. AB - Предмет интересовања овог рада је однос средњовековног човека према посмртним остацима преминулих чланова заједнице. Супротстављене идеје које су исказивале телесна трулеж и сува кост разматрају се кроз анализу одређеног броја репрезентативних примера касносредњовековне визуелне културе, како на византијском Истоку тако и на латинском Западу. Нарочита пажња пoсвећена је веровањима и погребним обичајима који су обликовали представу мртвог тела или пак сами били њом обликовани. PB - Филозофски факултет у Новом Саду T2 - Језици и културе у времену и простору: тематски зборник T1 - Лепота лобање: посмртни остаци „обичних“ мртвих у култури и визуелној култури касног средњег века T1 - Beauty of the Skull: The Remains of the “Ordinary” Dead in Culture and Visual Culture of the Late Middle Ages EP - 54 IS - 1 SP - 43 VL - 4 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5983 ER -
@inbook{ author = "Ђорђевић, Јаков", year = "2014", abstract = "Human remains were big part of medieval society, both East and West. The precious relics of the saints, the most desirable bodies in the Middle Ages, were adored in there marvelous reliquaries, while the corpses of criminals were left to rot before people’s very eyes, irst displayed for a period of time, and then cast aside. However, the purpose of the present paper is to explore the relationship of medieval men toward the remains of the “ordinary” dead. Even though they were not the most powerful, they were by far the most numerous of all the dead in medieval communities. This relationship is explored by inquiry of many diverse beliefs, customs and practices concerning the image of bodily decay. The perception of the putrefaction, both in the Byzantine East and the Latin West, was ambiguous, cherishing the ideas of sin and punishment, as well as puriication and heroic asceticism. For the ordinary dead decomposition was necessity in order to leave the physicality of this world and be introduced to the community of ancestors. This also implied that while the corpse was undergoing the process of decay, the soul was in purgatorial pains. Consequently, all that was left after decomposition were the hard dry bones. They were then placed in the special consecrated buildings – the ossuaries – to wait in peace the future resurrection of their lesh. Knowing this, as well as the context in which medieval men encountered the skulls in cemeteries – during activities that more often than not had nothing to do with burying the deceased – we are able to sense the idea of togetherness between living and dead which promised order and prosperity to the community., Предмет интересовања овог рада је однос средњовековног човека према посмртним остацима преминулих чланова заједнице. Супротстављене идеје које су исказивале телесна трулеж и сува кост разматрају се кроз анализу одређеног броја репрезентативних примера касносредњовековне визуелне културе, како на византијском Истоку тако и на латинском Западу. Нарочита пажња пoсвећена је веровањима и погребним обичајима који су обликовали представу мртвог тела или пак сами били њом обликовани.", publisher = "Филозофски факултет у Новом Саду", journal = "Језици и културе у времену и простору: тематски зборник", booktitle = "Лепота лобање: посмртни остаци „обичних“ мртвих у култури и визуелној култури касног средњег века, Beauty of the Skull: The Remains of the “Ordinary” Dead in Culture and Visual Culture of the Late Middle Ages", pages = "54-43", number = "1", volume = "4", url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5983" }
Ђорђевић, Ј.. (2014). Лепота лобање: посмртни остаци „обичних“ мртвих у култури и визуелној култури касног средњег века. in Језици и културе у времену и простору: тематски зборник Филозофски факултет у Новом Саду., 4(1), 43-54. https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5983
Ђорђевић Ј. Лепота лобање: посмртни остаци „обичних“ мртвих у култури и визуелној култури касног средњег века. in Језици и културе у времену и простору: тематски зборник. 2014;4(1):43-54. https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5983 .
Ђорђевић, Јаков, "Лепота лобање: посмртни остаци „обичних“ мртвих у култури и визуелној култури касног средњег века" in Језици и културе у времену и простору: тематски зборник, 4, no. 1 (2014):43-54, https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5983 .