Службе Васељенским саборима у српским минејима XIV века

Abstract

Одлуке донете на седам Васељенских сабора у значајној мери су утицале на обликовање хришћанства какво данас познајемо. У календару православне цркве сабори се помињу више пута у току године, али су једино за два сабора састављене посебне службе, за Четврти васељенски сабор, одржан 451. године у Халкидону (16. јул) и Седми, одржан 787. године (11. октобар), на коме је успостављено поштовање икона. Мада се ови сабори помињу већ у српским минејима XIII века, пуне службе њима посвећене сачуване су тек у рукописима XIV века. У ово истраживање укључени су и грчки и најстарији сачувани српски типици, те се српскословенски преписи јулске и октобарске службе посматрају као саставни део минеја, у свом литургијском контексту. У оквиру рада објављене су служба за 16. јул према рукопису Ћоровић 15 из збирке Универзитетске библиотеке у Београду, и служба за 11. октобар из рукописа бр. 49 из збирке Пећке патријаршије.

Decisions passed at the seven ecumenical councils have had a significant impact on the shaping of Christianity as we know it today. The calendar of the Orthodox Church mentions the councils several times a year, but the only two councils that have services dedicated to them are the Fourth (held on 16 August 451 in Chalcedon) and the Seventh (787), which established the veneration of icons (11 October). Although these councils are mentioned in the few extant 13th-century Serbian menaia, full services dedicated to them have been preserved in 14th-century manuscripts. This study examines both Greek and Serbian typica (Nicodemus’ Typicon, 1319) and considers the relationship between the mentions of the Fourth and Seventh Ecumenical Council and the oldest Serbian transcriptions of the July and October services. The services to these councils found in Ćorović 15 (the University Library in Belgrade) and the manuscript no. 49 of the Patriarchate of Peć. The July and October services to these councils found in these manuscripts are published in the appendix. Several manuscripts were analyzed as part of this research: Dečani 32 and 35, Hilandar 147, Peć 41, and the manuscript of the National Library of Serbia no. 5. The study has established that the canon of the service to the Holy Martyr Athenogenes in the Dečani manuscript no. 32 (transcribed in the 1320s or 1330s) includes some troparia from the canon dedicated to the Fourth Ecumenical Council. The manuscript of the National Library of Serbia no. 5 (second quarter of the 14th century) contains some guidelines suggesting that the service to the Seventh Ecumenical Council is to be found in the seventh week after Easter. This remark and the liturgical instructions in Nicodemus’ and Roman’s typica indicate that the uncertainties as to when these services should be read – as a part of the calendar (fixed) or Paschal (movable) cycle – appeared as early as the second quarter of the 14th century