TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zickfeld, Janis H.
AU  - Ven, Niels van de
AU  - Pich, Olivia
AU  - Schubert, Thomas W.
AU  - Berkessel, Jana B.
AU  - Bhushan, Braj
AU  - Mateo, Nino Jose
AU  - Barbosa, Sergio
AU  - Sharman, Leah
AU  - Kokonyei, Gyongyi
AU  - Schrover, Elke
AU  - Kardum, Igor
AU  - Aruta, John Jamir Benzon
AU  - Lazarević, Ljiljana
AU  - Escobar, Maria Josefina
AU  - Stadel, Marie
AU  - Arriaga, Patricia
AU  - Dodaj, Arta
AU  - Shankland, Rebecca
AU  - Majeed, Nadyanna M.
AU  - Li, Yansong
AU  - Lekkou, Eleimonitria
AU  - Hartanto, Andree
AU  - Ozdogru, Asil A.
AU  - Vaughn, Leigh Ann
AU  - Espinoza, Maria del Carmen
AU  - Caballero, Amparo
AU  - Kolen, Anouk
AU  - Karsten, Julie
AU  - Manley, Harry
AU  - Maeura, Nao
AU  - Eskisu, Mustafa
AU  - Shani, Yaniv
AU  - Chittham, Phakkanun
AU  - Ferreira, Diogo
AU  - Bavolar, Jozef
AU  - Konova, Irina
AU  - Sato, Wataru
AU  - Morvinski, Coby
AU  - Carrera, Pilar
AU  - Villar, Sergio
AU  - Ibanez, Agustin
AU  - Hareli, Shlomo
AU  - Garcia, Adolfo M.
AU  - Kremer, Inbal
AU  - Gotz, Friedrich M.
AU  - Schwerdtfeger, Andreas
AU  - Estrada-Mejia, Catalina
AU  - Nakayama, Masataka
AU  - Ng, Wee Qin
AU  - Sesar, Kristina
AU  - Orjiakor, Charles T.
AU  - Dumont, Kitty
AU  - Allred, Tara Bulut
AU  - Gracanin, Asmir
AU  - Rentfrow, Peter J.
AU  - Schonefeld, Victoria
AU  - Vally, Zahir
AU  - Barzykowski, Krystian
AU  - Peltola, Henna-Riikka
AU  - Tcherkassof, Anna
AU  - Haque, Shamsul
AU  - Smieja, Magdalena
AU  - Su-May, Terri Tan
AU  - IJzerman, Hans
AU  - Vatakis, Argiro
AU  - Ong, Chew Wei
AU  - Choi, Eunsoo
AU  - Schorch, Sebastian L.
AU  - Paez, Dario
AU  - Malik, Sadia
AU  - Kacmar, Pavol
AU  - Bobowik, Magdalena
AU  - Jose, Paul
AU  - Vuoskoski, Jonna
AU  - Basabe, Nekane
AU  - Dogan, Ugur
AU  - Ebert, Tobias
AU  - Uchida, Yukiko
AU  - Zheng, Michelle Xue
AU  - Mefoh, Philip
AU  - Sebena, Rene
AU  - Stanke, Franziska A.
AU  - Ballada, Christine Joy
AU  - Blaut, Agata
AU  - Wu, Yang
AU  - Daniels, Judith K.
AU  - Kocsel, Natalia
AU  - Burak, Elif Gizem Demirag
AU  - Balt, Nina F.
AU  - Vanman, Eric
AU  - Stewart, Suzanne L. K.
AU  - Verschuere, Bruno
AU  - Sikka, Pilleriin
AU  - Boudesseul, Jordane
AU  - Martins, Diogo
AU  - Nussinson, Ravit
AU  - Ito, Kenichi
AU  - Mentser, Sari
AU  - Colak, Tugba Seda
AU  - Martinez-Zelaya, Gonzalo
AU  - Vingerhoets, Ad
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3293
AB  - Tearful crying is a ubiquitous and likely uniquely human phenomenon. Scholars have argued that emotional tears serve an attachment function: Tears are thought to act as a social glue by evoking social support intentions. Initial experimental studies supported this proposition across several methodologies, but these were conducted almost exclusively on participants from North America and Europe, resulting in limited generalizability. This project examined the tears-social support intentions effect and possible mediating and moderating variables in a fully pre-registered study across 7007 participants (24,886 ratings) and 41 countries spanning all populated continents. Participants were presented with four pictures out of 100 possible targets with or without digitally added tears. We confirmed the main prediction that seeing a tearful individual elicits the intention to support, d = 0.49 [0.43, 0.55]. Our data suggest that this effect could be mediated by perceiving the crying target as warmer and more helpless, feeling more connected, as well as feeling more empathic concern for the crier, but not by an increase in personal distress of the observer. The effect was moderated by the situational valence, identifying the target as part of one's group, and trait empathic concern. A neutral situation, high trait empathic concern, and low identification increased the effect. We observed high heterogeneity across countries that was, via split-half validation, best explained by country-level GDP per capita and subjective well-being with stronger effects for higher-scoring countries. These findings suggest that tears can function as social glue, providing one possible explanation why emotional crying persists into adulthood.
PB  - Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, San Diego
T2  - Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
T1  - Tears evoke the intention to offer social support: A systematic investigation of the interpersonal effects of emotional crying across 41 countries*
VL  - 95
DO  - 10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104137
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Zickfeld, Janis H. and Ven, Niels van de and Pich, Olivia and Schubert, Thomas W. and Berkessel, Jana B. and Bhushan, Braj and Mateo, Nino Jose and Barbosa, Sergio and Sharman, Leah and Kokonyei, Gyongyi and Schrover, Elke and Kardum, Igor and Aruta, John Jamir Benzon and Lazarević, Ljiljana and Escobar, Maria Josefina and Stadel, Marie and Arriaga, Patricia and Dodaj, Arta and Shankland, Rebecca and Majeed, Nadyanna M. and Li, Yansong and Lekkou, Eleimonitria and Hartanto, Andree and Ozdogru, Asil A. and Vaughn, Leigh Ann and Espinoza, Maria del Carmen and Caballero, Amparo and Kolen, Anouk and Karsten, Julie and Manley, Harry and Maeura, Nao and Eskisu, Mustafa and Shani, Yaniv and Chittham, Phakkanun and Ferreira, Diogo and Bavolar, Jozef and Konova, Irina and Sato, Wataru and Morvinski, Coby and Carrera, Pilar and Villar, Sergio and Ibanez, Agustin and Hareli, Shlomo and Garcia, Adolfo M. and Kremer, Inbal and Gotz, Friedrich M. and Schwerdtfeger, Andreas and Estrada-Mejia, Catalina and Nakayama, Masataka and Ng, Wee Qin and Sesar, Kristina and Orjiakor, Charles T. and Dumont, Kitty and Allred, Tara Bulut and Gracanin, Asmir and Rentfrow, Peter J. and Schonefeld, Victoria and Vally, Zahir and Barzykowski, Krystian and Peltola, Henna-Riikka and Tcherkassof, Anna and Haque, Shamsul and Smieja, Magdalena and Su-May, Terri Tan and IJzerman, Hans and Vatakis, Argiro and Ong, Chew Wei and Choi, Eunsoo and Schorch, Sebastian L. and Paez, Dario and Malik, Sadia and Kacmar, Pavol and Bobowik, Magdalena and Jose, Paul and Vuoskoski, Jonna and Basabe, Nekane and Dogan, Ugur and Ebert, Tobias and Uchida, Yukiko and Zheng, Michelle Xue and Mefoh, Philip and Sebena, Rene and Stanke, Franziska A. and Ballada, Christine Joy and Blaut, Agata and Wu, Yang and Daniels, Judith K. and Kocsel, Natalia and Burak, Elif Gizem Demirag and Balt, Nina F. and Vanman, Eric and Stewart, Suzanne L. K. and Verschuere, Bruno and Sikka, Pilleriin and Boudesseul, Jordane and Martins, Diogo and Nussinson, Ravit and Ito, Kenichi and Mentser, Sari and Colak, Tugba Seda and Martinez-Zelaya, Gonzalo and Vingerhoets, Ad",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Tearful crying is a ubiquitous and likely uniquely human phenomenon. Scholars have argued that emotional tears serve an attachment function: Tears are thought to act as a social glue by evoking social support intentions. Initial experimental studies supported this proposition across several methodologies, but these were conducted almost exclusively on participants from North America and Europe, resulting in limited generalizability. This project examined the tears-social support intentions effect and possible mediating and moderating variables in a fully pre-registered study across 7007 participants (24,886 ratings) and 41 countries spanning all populated continents. Participants were presented with four pictures out of 100 possible targets with or without digitally added tears. We confirmed the main prediction that seeing a tearful individual elicits the intention to support, d = 0.49 [0.43, 0.55]. Our data suggest that this effect could be mediated by perceiving the crying target as warmer and more helpless, feeling more connected, as well as feeling more empathic concern for the crier, but not by an increase in personal distress of the observer. The effect was moderated by the situational valence, identifying the target as part of one's group, and trait empathic concern. A neutral situation, high trait empathic concern, and low identification increased the effect. We observed high heterogeneity across countries that was, via split-half validation, best explained by country-level GDP per capita and subjective well-being with stronger effects for higher-scoring countries. These findings suggest that tears can function as social glue, providing one possible explanation why emotional crying persists into adulthood.",
publisher = "Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, San Diego",
journal = "Journal of Experimental Social Psychology",
title = "Tears evoke the intention to offer social support: A systematic investigation of the interpersonal effects of emotional crying across 41 countries*",
volume = "95",
doi = "10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104137"
}

Zickfeld, J. H., Ven, N. v. d., Pich, O., Schubert, T. W., Berkessel, J. B., Bhushan, B., Mateo, N. J., Barbosa, S., Sharman, L., Kokonyei, G., Schrover, E., Kardum, I., Aruta, J. J. B., Lazarević, L., Escobar, M. J., Stadel, M., Arriaga, P., Dodaj, A., Shankland, R., Majeed, N. M., Li, Y., Lekkou, E., Hartanto, A., Ozdogru, A. A., Vaughn, L. A., Espinoza, M. d. C., Caballero, A., Kolen, A., Karsten, J., Manley, H., Maeura, N., Eskisu, M., Shani, Y., Chittham, P., Ferreira, D., Bavolar, J., Konova, I., Sato, W., Morvinski, C., Carrera, P., Villar, S., Ibanez, A., Hareli, S., Garcia, A. M., Kremer, I., Gotz, F. M., Schwerdtfeger, A., Estrada-Mejia, C., Nakayama, M., Ng, W. Q., Sesar, K., Orjiakor, C. T., Dumont, K., Allred, T. B., Gracanin, A., Rentfrow, P. J., Schonefeld, V., Vally, Z., Barzykowski, K., Peltola, H., Tcherkassof, A., Haque, S., Smieja, M., Su-May, T. T., IJzerman, H., Vatakis, A., Ong, C. W., Choi, E., Schorch, S. L., Paez, D., Malik, S., Kacmar, P., Bobowik, M., Jose, P., Vuoskoski, J., Basabe, N., Dogan, U., Ebert, T., Uchida, Y., Zheng, M. X., Mefoh, P., Sebena, R., Stanke, F. A., Ballada, C. J., Blaut, A., Wu, Y., Daniels, J. K., Kocsel, N., Burak, E. G. D., Balt, N. F., Vanman, E., Stewart, S. L. K., Verschuere, B., Sikka, P., Boudesseul, J., Martins, D., Nussinson, R., Ito, K., Mentser, S., Colak, T. S., Martinez-Zelaya, G.,& Vingerhoets, A.. (2021). Tears evoke the intention to offer social support: A systematic investigation of the interpersonal effects of emotional crying across 41 countries*. in Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, San Diego., 95.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104137

Zickfeld JH, Ven NVD, Pich O, Schubert TW, Berkessel JB, Bhushan B, Mateo NJ, Barbosa S, Sharman L, Kokonyei G, Schrover E, Kardum I, Aruta JJB, Lazarević L, Escobar MJ, Stadel M, Arriaga P, Dodaj A, Shankland R, Majeed NM, Li Y, Lekkou E, Hartanto A, Ozdogru AA, Vaughn LA, Espinoza MDC, Caballero A, Kolen A, Karsten J, Manley H, Maeura N, Eskisu M, Shani Y, Chittham P, Ferreira D, Bavolar J, Konova I, Sato W, Morvinski C, Carrera P, Villar S, Ibanez A, Hareli S, Garcia AM, Kremer I, Gotz FM, Schwerdtfeger A, Estrada-Mejia C, Nakayama M, Ng WQ, Sesar K, Orjiakor CT, Dumont K, Allred TB, Gracanin A, Rentfrow PJ, Schonefeld V, Vally Z, Barzykowski K, Peltola H, Tcherkassof A, Haque S, Smieja M, Su-May TT, IJzerman H, Vatakis A, Ong CW, Choi E, Schorch SL, Paez D, Malik S, Kacmar P, Bobowik M, Jose P, Vuoskoski J, Basabe N, Dogan U, Ebert T, Uchida Y, Zheng MX, Mefoh P, Sebena R, Stanke FA, Ballada CJ, Blaut A, Wu Y, Daniels JK, Kocsel N, Burak EGD, Balt NF, Vanman E, Stewart SLK, Verschuere B, Sikka P, Boudesseul J, Martins D, Nussinson R, Ito K, Mentser S, Colak TS, Martinez-Zelaya G, Vingerhoets A. Tears evoke the intention to offer social support: A systematic investigation of the interpersonal effects of emotional crying across 41 countries*. in Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2021;95.
doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104137 .

Zickfeld, Janis H., Ven, Niels van de, Pich, Olivia, Schubert, Thomas W., Berkessel, Jana B., Bhushan, Braj, Mateo, Nino Jose, Barbosa, Sergio, Sharman, Leah, Kokonyei, Gyongyi, Schrover, Elke, Kardum, Igor, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon, Lazarević, Ljiljana, Escobar, Maria Josefina, Stadel, Marie, Arriaga, Patricia, Dodaj, Arta, Shankland, Rebecca, Majeed, Nadyanna M., Li, Yansong, Lekkou, Eleimonitria, Hartanto, Andree, Ozdogru, Asil A., Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Espinoza, Maria del Carmen, Caballero, Amparo, Kolen, Anouk, Karsten, Julie, Manley, Harry, Maeura, Nao, Eskisu, Mustafa, Shani, Yaniv, Chittham, Phakkanun, Ferreira, Diogo, Bavolar, Jozef, Konova, Irina, Sato, Wataru, Morvinski, Coby, Carrera, Pilar, Villar, Sergio, Ibanez, Agustin, Hareli, Shlomo, Garcia, Adolfo M., Kremer, Inbal, Gotz, Friedrich M., Schwerdtfeger, Andreas, Estrada-Mejia, Catalina, Nakayama, Masataka, Ng, Wee Qin, Sesar, Kristina, Orjiakor, Charles T., Dumont, Kitty, Allred, Tara Bulut, Gracanin, Asmir, Rentfrow, Peter J., Schonefeld, Victoria, Vally, Zahir, Barzykowski, Krystian, Peltola, Henna-Riikka, Tcherkassof, Anna, Haque, Shamsul, Smieja, Magdalena, Su-May, Terri Tan, IJzerman, Hans, Vatakis, Argiro, Ong, Chew Wei, Choi, Eunsoo, Schorch, Sebastian L., Paez, Dario, Malik, Sadia, Kacmar, Pavol, Bobowik, Magdalena, Jose, Paul, Vuoskoski, Jonna, Basabe, Nekane, Dogan, Ugur, Ebert, Tobias, Uchida, Yukiko, Zheng, Michelle Xue, Mefoh, Philip, Sebena, Rene, Stanke, Franziska A., Ballada, Christine Joy, Blaut, Agata, Wu, Yang, Daniels, Judith K., Kocsel, Natalia, Burak, Elif Gizem Demirag, Balt, Nina F., Vanman, Eric, Stewart, Suzanne L. K., Verschuere, Bruno, Sikka, Pilleriin, Boudesseul, Jordane, Martins, Diogo, Nussinson, Ravit, Ito, Kenichi, Mentser, Sari, Colak, Tugba Seda, Martinez-Zelaya, Gonzalo, Vingerhoets, Ad, "Tears evoke the intention to offer social support: A systematic investigation of the interpersonal effects of emotional crying across 41 countries*" in Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 95 (2021),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104137 . .