Nastavak priče o Išiju: promene značenja narativa u američkoj antropologiji i popularnoj kulturi

Abstract

Priča o Išiju i njegovom istrebljenom narodu utkana je u istoriju antropoloških disciplina, biografije naučnika učesnika i istoriju moderne američke kulture. S protokom vremena, ona je prerasla u egzemplarnu povest o stradanju i otporu Prvih naroda, odgovornosti i potisnutoj krivici kolonizatora, kao i pokušaju isceljenja traume u susretu s antropolozima Boasove škole uoči Prvog svetskog rata i pre nego što su potomci starosedelaca dobili građanska prava u SAD. U ovom članku, govori se o zlatnoj groznici i kolonizaciji koje su dovele do etničkog čišćenja i genocida u Kaliforniji tokom XIX veka; o tome kako je pisanje Teodore Kreber o dotad zaboravljenom čoveku Išiju i plemenskom narodu Jana stvorilo „veliku američku priču”; i kako je narativ o Išiju dobio nastavak, sa novim zapletom i značenjima, na kraju XX i početku XXI veka.

The story of Ishi and his exterminated people was woven into the early 20th history of anthropological disciplines, biographies of the scientists-participants, and the history of modern American culture. As time went by, it has grown into an exemplary popular story of the suffering and resistance of the First Nations, the responsibility and suppressed guilt of white colonists and colonizers, as well as of the attempt to heal the trauma in the encounter with anthropologists before the First World War even before the descendants of indigenous people in the United States acquired civil rights. This article deals with the golden fever and colonization that led to ethnic cleansing and genocide in California during the 19th century; the manner in which the writing of Theodora Kroeber about the forgotten man Ishi and Yana nation had created a „great American story”; and how the narrative of Ishi was given a continuation, with a new entanglement and meaning, at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century.