Однос Которске комуне и Зетске митрополије у средњем веку

Abstract

У раду је анализиран однос Которске комуне према суседној Светомихољској метохији, која је представљала властелинство Зетске епископије (од 1346. године митрополије). Показано је да Светомихољска метохија није улазила у састав которског дистрикта, нити је потпадала под ингеренције комуналних власти Котора, већ се налазила под непосредном влашћу зетског епископа и суверенитетом српских средњовековних владара. Которска комуна је у периоду од краја XIV до половине XV века, када ће простор Метохије Св. Михајла коначно ући у састав которског дистрикта, успевала да у неколико наврата поменуто подручје привремено стави под своју власт. Привредни односи између насељеника Метохије и становника Котора и градског дистрикта, као и црквена политика Которске бискупије на подручју Зетске митрополије, нису детаљније разматрани, будући да представљају посебне теме истраживања.

The Orthodox Zeta Bishopric (Metropolitanate since 1346) was founded in 1220 with its headquarters at the Monastery of St. Archangel Michael on Prevlaka in the Bay of Tivat. Its dominion, known as the Metochia of St. Michael, comprised the peninsula/island of Prevlaka, the peninsula of Luštica, Lješevići, as well as the villages on the Vrmac peninsula: Pasiglav, Bogdašići, and Brda, along with the island of St. Gabriel (Stradioti, St. Mark). Prevlaka, together with other territories that entered the composition of the Metochia of St. Michael at the beginning of the 13th century, during a certain period of the 12th century was part of the Kotor district and under the rule of the Kotor commune. After the establishment of the Zeta Bishopric, the Metochia came under the jurisdiction of the Zeta bishop, being under the sovereignty of Serbian rulers or regional Serbian lords. The communal authorities of Kotor, which also acknowledged the supreme authority of the Serbian ruler until 1370, did not extend their inϐluence over the neighboring Metochia of St. Michael. The population of Metochia had its internal organization, maintaining close economic ties with the citizens of Kotor and the inhabitants of the Kotor district. Seeking to reintegrate the territory of the Metochia into the district, the communal authorities of Kotor resorted to falsifying documents of Serbian rulers in order to obtain a legal basis for the mentioned act. During the period from the late 14th to the mid-15th century, the Kotor commune managed on several occasions to temporarily assert its control over Metochia (from the end of May 1396 to April 1403; the beginning of autumn 1420 to mid-1422; 1427-1435; 1441 to June 1448). In early February 1452 Metochia ϐinally and permanently became part of the Kotor district, thereby destroying all rights of the Zeta Metropolitan over this area. Thanks to the Venetian authorities in Kotor, the population of the former Metochia of St. Michael retained their land possessions and their previous social status. The people of Kotor continued to make economic advances in this area, accompanied by an intensiϐied policy of proselytism by the Kotor Bishopric towards Orthodox priests and the population.