Omladinska potkultura u birmingemskoj tradiciji - razvoj i recepcija koncepta u domaćoj nauci

Abstract

U ovom članku se daje pregled teorija razvijanih u okviru tzv. birmingemske tradicije koje se bave problemom potkultura, odnosno odnosom omladine, muzike i stila. Svaka potkultura se posmatra kao dvostruko komunikativna, pa je neophodno postaviti je prvo u odnos prema njenoj 'roditeljskoj kulturi' - kulturi radničke klase, a zatim i prema 'dominantnoj kulturi'. Fil Koen je formulisao koncept 'potkulture kao simboličko rešavanje protivrečnosti'. Džon Klark, Stjuart Hol, Toni Džeferson i Brajan Roberts razrađuju koncept potkulture kao 'otpor kroz rituale'. Dik Hebdidž smešta potkulturu u okvire etniciteta, a Anđela Mek Robi u okvire roda. Birmingemski teoretičari formulišu koncept potkulture kao način da se putem stila reše problemi nastali menjanjem roditeljske/sopstvene kulture. Odnosi unutar potkulture, i oni između potkulture i njenog okruženja se izražavaju pojmovima: hegemonije, homologije i bricolage. U članku se dalje daje recepcija koncepta u domaćoj nauci tokom osamdesetih. Takođe su prikazani i glavni pravci kritike potkulturne teorije, ukazujući na njene nedostatke prilikom proučavanja savremenih fenomena.

This article offers an overview of the theories dealing with the problem of subculture, as well as the relationship between youth, music and style, developed within the so-called Birmingham tradition. Every subculture is seen as communicative in two directions, so it is necessary to establish its relationship with both 'parent culture' - working class culture and 'dominant culture'. Phil Cohen formulated the concept of 'subculture as a symbolic solution of controversies.'. John Clark, Stewart Hall, Tony Jefferson and Brian Roberts develop the concept of subculture as 'resistance through rituals'. Dick Hebdige places subculture in the frame of ethnicity, and Angela McRobbie in the frame of gender. The Birmingham theorists define the concept of subculture as a way of solving the controversy caused by changing parent / one's own culture by means of style. The relations within a subculture, as well as between a subculture and its surroundings are expressed by the following terms: hegemony, homology and bricolage. The article also deals with the reception of concepts in our country's science during the eighties. It also contains some major tendencies in the criticism of subculture theory, displaying its drawbacks in the study of modern phenomena.