TY  - JOUR
AU  - Savić, Danka
AU  - Knežević, Goran
AU  - Matić, Gordana
AU  - Damjanović, Svetozar
AU  - Spirić, Željko
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1961
AB  - A disturbed beta-endorphin system can be a part of the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression allostasis. Study subjects (N=392) included those with PTSD and/or (stress-induced) depression, and healthy controls with and without traumas. The aim of the study was to examine the network of relations centered around plasma beta-endorphin. The network included anxiety (as a personality trait), traumatic events, pain, aggressiveness, depressive symptoms, and three clusters of PTSD symptoms: intrusions, avoidance, and hyperarousal. Beta-endorphin was represented by individual mean from 13 time points (BEmean), reflecting the total amount of the peripherally secreted hormone, and the coefficient of variation (BEvar), calculated as the ratio of standard deviation to the mean, reflecting the hormone's dynamics. BEvar correlated with all other variables, BEmean had no correlations. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine all interrelations (including their directions) of BEvar and the state/trait variables in the context of their entirety. The model revealed that hyperarousal and anxiety were the only direct agents of peripheral beta-endorphin fluctuations, mediating the effects of other variables. Traumatic events and intrusions act on BEvar via hyperarousal, while depressive symptoms, avoidance, and pain act via anxiety. Hyperarousal should be emphasized as the main agent not only because its effect on BEvar is larger than that of anxiety, but also because it increases anxiety itself (via avoidance and pain). All influences on BEvar are positive and they indicate long-term (sensitizing) effects (as opposed to direct stimulation, for example, by acute pain, anger, etc.). Relations apart from beta-endorphin are also discussed.
PB  - Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam
T2  - Journal of Affective Disorders
T1  - Posttraumatic and depressive symptoms in beta-endorphin dynamics
EP  - 66
SP  - 61
VL  - 181
DO  - 10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.063
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Savić, Danka and Knežević, Goran and Matić, Gordana and Damjanović, Svetozar and Spirić, Željko",
year = "2015",
abstract = "A disturbed beta-endorphin system can be a part of the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression allostasis. Study subjects (N=392) included those with PTSD and/or (stress-induced) depression, and healthy controls with and without traumas. The aim of the study was to examine the network of relations centered around plasma beta-endorphin. The network included anxiety (as a personality trait), traumatic events, pain, aggressiveness, depressive symptoms, and three clusters of PTSD symptoms: intrusions, avoidance, and hyperarousal. Beta-endorphin was represented by individual mean from 13 time points (BEmean), reflecting the total amount of the peripherally secreted hormone, and the coefficient of variation (BEvar), calculated as the ratio of standard deviation to the mean, reflecting the hormone's dynamics. BEvar correlated with all other variables, BEmean had no correlations. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine all interrelations (including their directions) of BEvar and the state/trait variables in the context of their entirety. The model revealed that hyperarousal and anxiety were the only direct agents of peripheral beta-endorphin fluctuations, mediating the effects of other variables. Traumatic events and intrusions act on BEvar via hyperarousal, while depressive symptoms, avoidance, and pain act via anxiety. Hyperarousal should be emphasized as the main agent not only because its effect on BEvar is larger than that of anxiety, but also because it increases anxiety itself (via avoidance and pain). All influences on BEvar are positive and they indicate long-term (sensitizing) effects (as opposed to direct stimulation, for example, by acute pain, anger, etc.). Relations apart from beta-endorphin are also discussed.",
publisher = "Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam",
journal = "Journal of Affective Disorders",
title = "Posttraumatic and depressive symptoms in beta-endorphin dynamics",
pages = "66-61",
volume = "181",
doi = "10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.063"
}

Savić, D., Knežević, G., Matić, G., Damjanović, S.,& Spirić, Ž.. (2015). Posttraumatic and depressive symptoms in beta-endorphin dynamics. in Journal of Affective Disorders
Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam., 181, 61-66.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.063

Savić D, Knežević G, Matić G, Damjanović S, Spirić Ž. Posttraumatic and depressive symptoms in beta-endorphin dynamics. in Journal of Affective Disorders. 2015;181:61-66.
doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.063 .

Savić, Danka, Knežević, Goran, Matić, Gordana, Damjanović, Svetozar, Spirić, Željko, "Posttraumatic and depressive symptoms in beta-endorphin dynamics" in Journal of Affective Disorders, 181 (2015):61-66,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.063 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Matić, Gordana
AU  - Vojnović-Milutinović, Danijela
AU  - Nestorov, Jelena
AU  - Elaković, Ivana
AU  - Manitašević-Jovanović, Sanja
AU  - Elzaedi, Younis Mouftah
AU  - Perišić, Tatjana
AU  - Dunderski, Jadranka
AU  - Damjanović, Svetozar
AU  - Knežević, Goran
AU  - Spirić, Željko
AU  - Vermetten, Eric
AU  - Savić, Danka
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1796
AB  - Alterations in the number and functional status of mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) may contribute to vulnerability to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Corticosteroid receptors are chaperoned by heat shock proteins Hsp90 and Hsp70. We examined relations between corticosteroid receptor and heat shock protein expression levels, and related them with war trauma exposure, PTSD and resilience to PTSD. Relative levels of MR. Hsp90 and Hsp70 were determined by immunoblotting in lymphocytes from war trauma-exposed men with current PTSD (current PTSD group, n=113), with lifetime PTSD (life-time PTSD group, n=61) and without PTSD (trauma control group, n=88), and from non-traumatized healthy controls (healthy control group, n=85). Between-group differences in MR, Hsp90 and Hsp70 levels and in MR/GR ratio were not observed. The level of MR was correlated with both Hsp90 and Hsp70 levels in trauma control and healthy control groups. On the other hand, GR level was correlated only with Hsp90 level, and this correlation was evident in current PTSD and trauma control groups. In conclusion, PTSD and exposure to trauma are not related to changes in lymphocyte MR, Hsp90 or Hsp70 levels, but may be associated with disturbances in corticosteroid receptors interaction with heat shock proteins.
PB  - Elsevier Ireland Ltd, Clare
T2  - Psychiatry Research
T1  - Mineralocorticoid receptor and heat shock protein expression levels in peripheral lymphocytes from war trauma-exposed men with and without PTSD
EP  - 385
IS  - 2
SP  - 379
VL  - 215
DO  - 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.11.022
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Matić, Gordana and Vojnović-Milutinović, Danijela and Nestorov, Jelena and Elaković, Ivana and Manitašević-Jovanović, Sanja and Elzaedi, Younis Mouftah and Perišić, Tatjana and Dunderski, Jadranka and Damjanović, Svetozar and Knežević, Goran and Spirić, Željko and Vermetten, Eric and Savić, Danka",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Alterations in the number and functional status of mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) may contribute to vulnerability to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Corticosteroid receptors are chaperoned by heat shock proteins Hsp90 and Hsp70. We examined relations between corticosteroid receptor and heat shock protein expression levels, and related them with war trauma exposure, PTSD and resilience to PTSD. Relative levels of MR. Hsp90 and Hsp70 were determined by immunoblotting in lymphocytes from war trauma-exposed men with current PTSD (current PTSD group, n=113), with lifetime PTSD (life-time PTSD group, n=61) and without PTSD (trauma control group, n=88), and from non-traumatized healthy controls (healthy control group, n=85). Between-group differences in MR, Hsp90 and Hsp70 levels and in MR/GR ratio were not observed. The level of MR was correlated with both Hsp90 and Hsp70 levels in trauma control and healthy control groups. On the other hand, GR level was correlated only with Hsp90 level, and this correlation was evident in current PTSD and trauma control groups. In conclusion, PTSD and exposure to trauma are not related to changes in lymphocyte MR, Hsp90 or Hsp70 levels, but may be associated with disturbances in corticosteroid receptors interaction with heat shock proteins.",
publisher = "Elsevier Ireland Ltd, Clare",
journal = "Psychiatry Research",
title = "Mineralocorticoid receptor and heat shock protein expression levels in peripheral lymphocytes from war trauma-exposed men with and without PTSD",
pages = "385-379",
number = "2",
volume = "215",
doi = "10.1016/j.psychres.2013.11.022"
}

Matić, G., Vojnović-Milutinović, D., Nestorov, J., Elaković, I., Manitašević-Jovanović, S., Elzaedi, Y. M., Perišić, T., Dunderski, J., Damjanović, S., Knežević, G., Spirić, Ž., Vermetten, E.,& Savić, D.. (2014). Mineralocorticoid receptor and heat shock protein expression levels in peripheral lymphocytes from war trauma-exposed men with and without PTSD. in Psychiatry Research
Elsevier Ireland Ltd, Clare., 215(2), 379-385.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2013.11.022

Matić G, Vojnović-Milutinović D, Nestorov J, Elaković I, Manitašević-Jovanović S, Elzaedi YM, Perišić T, Dunderski J, Damjanović S, Knežević G, Spirić Ž, Vermetten E, Savić D. Mineralocorticoid receptor and heat shock protein expression levels in peripheral lymphocytes from war trauma-exposed men with and without PTSD. in Psychiatry Research. 2014;215(2):379-385.
doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.11.022 .

Matić, Gordana, Vojnović-Milutinović, Danijela, Nestorov, Jelena, Elaković, Ivana, Manitašević-Jovanović, Sanja, Elzaedi, Younis Mouftah, Perišić, Tatjana, Dunderski, Jadranka, Damjanović, Svetozar, Knežević, Goran, Spirić, Željko, Vermetten, Eric, Savić, Danka, "Mineralocorticoid receptor and heat shock protein expression levels in peripheral lymphocytes from war trauma-exposed men with and without PTSD" in Psychiatry Research, 215, no. 2 (2014):379-385,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2013.11.022 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Matić, Gordana
AU  - Vojnović-Milutinović, Danijela
AU  - Nestorov, Jelena
AU  - Elaković, Ivana
AU  - Manitašević-Jovanović, Sanja
AU  - Perišić, Tatjana
AU  - Dunderski, Jadranka
AU  - Damjanović, Svetozar
AU  - Knežević, Goran
AU  - Spirić, Željko
AU  - Vermetten, Eric
AU  - Savić, Danka
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1626
AB  - Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been shown to be associated with altered glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activity. We studied the expression and functional properties of the receptor in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from non-traumatized healthy individuals (healthy controls; n = 85), and war trauma-exposed individuals with current PTSD (n = 113), with life-time PTSD (n = 61) and without PTSD (trauma controls; n = 88). The aim of the study was to distinguish the receptor alterations related to PTSD from those related to trauma itself or to resilience to PTSD. Methods: Functional status of the receptor was assessed by radioligand binding and lysozyme synthesis inhibition assays. The level of GR gene expression was measured by quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. Results: Current PTSD patients had the lowest, while trauma controls had the highest number of glucocorticoid binding sites (B-max) in PBMCs. Hormone-binding potential (B-max/K-D ratio) of the receptor was diminished in the current PTSD group in comparison to all other study groups. Correlation between B-max and K-D that normally exists in healthy individuals was decreased in the current PTSD group. Contrasting B-max data, GR protein level was lower in trauma controls than in participants with current or life-time PTSD. Conclusions: Current PTSD is characterized by reduced lymphocyte GR hormone-binding potential and by disturbed compensation between B-max and hormone-binding affinity. Resilience to PTSD is associated with enlarged fraction of the receptor molecules capable of hormone binding, within the total receptor molecule population in PBMCs.
PB  - Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford
T2  - Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry
T1  - Lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptor expression level and hormone-binding properties differ between war trauma-exposed men with and without PTSD
EP  - 245
SP  - 238
VL  - 43
DO  - 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.01.005
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Matić, Gordana and Vojnović-Milutinović, Danijela and Nestorov, Jelena and Elaković, Ivana and Manitašević-Jovanović, Sanja and Perišić, Tatjana and Dunderski, Jadranka and Damjanović, Svetozar and Knežević, Goran and Spirić, Željko and Vermetten, Eric and Savić, Danka",
year = "2013",
abstract = "Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been shown to be associated with altered glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activity. We studied the expression and functional properties of the receptor in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from non-traumatized healthy individuals (healthy controls; n = 85), and war trauma-exposed individuals with current PTSD (n = 113), with life-time PTSD (n = 61) and without PTSD (trauma controls; n = 88). The aim of the study was to distinguish the receptor alterations related to PTSD from those related to trauma itself or to resilience to PTSD. Methods: Functional status of the receptor was assessed by radioligand binding and lysozyme synthesis inhibition assays. The level of GR gene expression was measured by quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. Results: Current PTSD patients had the lowest, while trauma controls had the highest number of glucocorticoid binding sites (B-max) in PBMCs. Hormone-binding potential (B-max/K-D ratio) of the receptor was diminished in the current PTSD group in comparison to all other study groups. Correlation between B-max and K-D that normally exists in healthy individuals was decreased in the current PTSD group. Contrasting B-max data, GR protein level was lower in trauma controls than in participants with current or life-time PTSD. Conclusions: Current PTSD is characterized by reduced lymphocyte GR hormone-binding potential and by disturbed compensation between B-max and hormone-binding affinity. Resilience to PTSD is associated with enlarged fraction of the receptor molecules capable of hormone binding, within the total receptor molecule population in PBMCs.",
publisher = "Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry",
title = "Lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptor expression level and hormone-binding properties differ between war trauma-exposed men with and without PTSD",
pages = "245-238",
volume = "43",
doi = "10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.01.005"
}

Matić, G., Vojnović-Milutinović, D., Nestorov, J., Elaković, I., Manitašević-Jovanović, S., Perišić, T., Dunderski, J., Damjanović, S., Knežević, G., Spirić, Ž., Vermetten, E.,& Savić, D.. (2013). Lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptor expression level and hormone-binding properties differ between war trauma-exposed men with and without PTSD. in Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry
Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford., 43, 238-245.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.01.005

Matić G, Vojnović-Milutinović D, Nestorov J, Elaković I, Manitašević-Jovanović S, Perišić T, Dunderski J, Damjanović S, Knežević G, Spirić Ž, Vermetten E, Savić D. Lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptor expression level and hormone-binding properties differ between war trauma-exposed men with and without PTSD. in Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 2013;43:238-245.
doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.01.005 .

Matić, Gordana, Vojnović-Milutinović, Danijela, Nestorov, Jelena, Elaković, Ivana, Manitašević-Jovanović, Sanja, Perišić, Tatjana, Dunderski, Jadranka, Damjanović, Svetozar, Knežević, Goran, Spirić, Željko, Vermetten, Eric, Savić, Danka, "Lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptor expression level and hormone-binding properties differ between war trauma-exposed men with and without PTSD" in Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 43 (2013):238-245,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.01.005 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Savić, Danka
AU  - Knežević, Goran
AU  - Damjanović, Svetozar
AU  - Spirić, Željko
AU  - Matić, Gordana
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1362
AB  - Background: Studies of cortisol in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have yielded mixed results. We hypothesize that personality traits and traumatic experiences could be the confounders of cortisol measures and disease symptoms. Method: This study was a part of a broader project in which simultaneous psychological and biological investigations were carried out in hospital conditions on 400 male participants categorized by four groups: (A) 133 with current PTSD, (B) 66 with lifetime PTSD, (C) 102 trauma controls, and (D) 99 healthy controls (matched by age and education). Cortisol and ACTH were measured in blood samples taken hourly from 22:00 h to 09:00 h, with an additional sample at 07:30 h (resting state and morning rise). The next night, dexamethasone (0.5 mg) suppression test was performed. Results: No significant differences in basal cortisol and ACTH were found between study groups. The trait Conscientiousness, negatively modulated by Extraversion (assessed by NEO Personality Inventory-Revised) was found to correlate with cortisol (but not with ACTH). Group differences are found on suppression. Structural equation modeling shows excellent fit only when the paths (influences) from Conscientiousness to basal cortisol and from traumatic events to suppression are present. The paths connecting suppression and PTSD symptoms do not contribute. Conclusions: Two sources of differences of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis functioning are implied, both only indirectly connected to PTSD. It seems that basal cortisol secretion is associated more tightly with personality (introvertively modulated Conscientiousness), while the regulation by glucocorticoid receptor system is sensitized by repeated traumatic situations.
PB  - Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford
T2  - Psychoneuroendocrinology
T1  - The role of personality and traumatic events in cortisol levels - Where does PTSD fit in?
EP  - 947
IS  - 7
SP  - 937
VL  - 37
DO  - 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.11.001
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Savić, Danka and Knežević, Goran and Damjanović, Svetozar and Spirić, Željko and Matić, Gordana",
year = "2012",
abstract = "Background: Studies of cortisol in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have yielded mixed results. We hypothesize that personality traits and traumatic experiences could be the confounders of cortisol measures and disease symptoms. Method: This study was a part of a broader project in which simultaneous psychological and biological investigations were carried out in hospital conditions on 400 male participants categorized by four groups: (A) 133 with current PTSD, (B) 66 with lifetime PTSD, (C) 102 trauma controls, and (D) 99 healthy controls (matched by age and education). Cortisol and ACTH were measured in blood samples taken hourly from 22:00 h to 09:00 h, with an additional sample at 07:30 h (resting state and morning rise). The next night, dexamethasone (0.5 mg) suppression test was performed. Results: No significant differences in basal cortisol and ACTH were found between study groups. The trait Conscientiousness, negatively modulated by Extraversion (assessed by NEO Personality Inventory-Revised) was found to correlate with cortisol (but not with ACTH). Group differences are found on suppression. Structural equation modeling shows excellent fit only when the paths (influences) from Conscientiousness to basal cortisol and from traumatic events to suppression are present. The paths connecting suppression and PTSD symptoms do not contribute. Conclusions: Two sources of differences of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis functioning are implied, both only indirectly connected to PTSD. It seems that basal cortisol secretion is associated more tightly with personality (introvertively modulated Conscientiousness), while the regulation by glucocorticoid receptor system is sensitized by repeated traumatic situations.",
publisher = "Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Psychoneuroendocrinology",
title = "The role of personality and traumatic events in cortisol levels - Where does PTSD fit in?",
pages = "947-937",
number = "7",
volume = "37",
doi = "10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.11.001"
}

Savić, D., Knežević, G., Damjanović, S., Spirić, Ž.,& Matić, G.. (2012). The role of personality and traumatic events in cortisol levels - Where does PTSD fit in?. in Psychoneuroendocrinology
Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford., 37(7), 937-947.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.11.001

Savić D, Knežević G, Damjanović S, Spirić Ž, Matić G. The role of personality and traumatic events in cortisol levels - Where does PTSD fit in?. in Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2012;37(7):937-947.
doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.11.001 .

Savić, Danka, Knežević, Goran, Damjanović, Svetozar, Spirić, Željko, Matić, Gordana, "The role of personality and traumatic events in cortisol levels - Where does PTSD fit in?" in Psychoneuroendocrinology, 37, no. 7 (2012):937-947,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.11.001 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Savić, Danka
AU  - Knežević, Goran
AU  - Damjanović, Svetozar
AU  - Spirić, Željko
AU  - Matić, Gordana
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1338
AB  - The use of the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test (DST) as a potentially discriminative marker between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression is still under discussion. In order to compare the influence of these psychopathologies on the DST results, we examined suppression in war-traumatized subjects with one or both of these disorders, as well as in healthy controls. Based on our previous findings, we hypothesized that subjects with any disorder would exhibit higher dexamethasone suppression than healthy controls due to traumatic experiences. This study was a part of a broader project in which simultaneous psychological and biological investigations were carried out in hospital conditions on 399 mate participants: 57 with PTSD, 28 with depression, 76 with PTSD + depression, and 238 healthy controls. Cortisol was measured in blood samples taken at 0900 h before and after administering 0.5 mg of dexamethasone (at 2300 h). Group means standard deviation of cortisol suppression were: 79.4 +/- 18.5 in the PTSD group, 80.8 +/- 11.6 in the depression group, 77.5 +/- 24.6 in the group with PTSD+depression, and 66.8 +/- 34.6 in healthy controls. The first three groups suppressed significantly more than the fourth. When the number of traumas was introduced as a covariate, the differences disappeared. The hypothesis was confirmed: in respect to DST, the examined trauma-related psychopathologies showed the same pattern: hypersuppression, due to multiple traumatic experiences.
PB  - Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford
T2  - Psychoneuroendocrinology
T1  - Is there a biological difference between trauma-related depression and PTSD? DST says 'NO'
EP  - 1520
IS  - 9
SP  - 1516
VL  - 37
DO  - 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.02.005
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Savić, Danka and Knežević, Goran and Damjanović, Svetozar and Spirić, Željko and Matić, Gordana",
year = "2012",
abstract = "The use of the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test (DST) as a potentially discriminative marker between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression is still under discussion. In order to compare the influence of these psychopathologies on the DST results, we examined suppression in war-traumatized subjects with one or both of these disorders, as well as in healthy controls. Based on our previous findings, we hypothesized that subjects with any disorder would exhibit higher dexamethasone suppression than healthy controls due to traumatic experiences. This study was a part of a broader project in which simultaneous psychological and biological investigations were carried out in hospital conditions on 399 mate participants: 57 with PTSD, 28 with depression, 76 with PTSD + depression, and 238 healthy controls. Cortisol was measured in blood samples taken at 0900 h before and after administering 0.5 mg of dexamethasone (at 2300 h). Group means standard deviation of cortisol suppression were: 79.4 +/- 18.5 in the PTSD group, 80.8 +/- 11.6 in the depression group, 77.5 +/- 24.6 in the group with PTSD+depression, and 66.8 +/- 34.6 in healthy controls. The first three groups suppressed significantly more than the fourth. When the number of traumas was introduced as a covariate, the differences disappeared. The hypothesis was confirmed: in respect to DST, the examined trauma-related psychopathologies showed the same pattern: hypersuppression, due to multiple traumatic experiences.",
publisher = "Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Psychoneuroendocrinology",
title = "Is there a biological difference between trauma-related depression and PTSD? DST says 'NO'",
pages = "1520-1516",
number = "9",
volume = "37",
doi = "10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.02.005"
}

Savić, D., Knežević, G., Damjanović, S., Spirić, Ž.,& Matić, G.. (2012). Is there a biological difference between trauma-related depression and PTSD? DST says 'NO'. in Psychoneuroendocrinology
Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford., 37(9), 1516-1520.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.02.005

Savić D, Knežević G, Damjanović S, Spirić Ž, Matić G. Is there a biological difference between trauma-related depression and PTSD? DST says 'NO'. in Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2012;37(9):1516-1520.
doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.02.005 .

Savić, Danka, Knežević, Goran, Damjanović, Svetozar, Spirić, Željko, Matić, Gordana, "Is there a biological difference between trauma-related depression and PTSD? DST says 'NO'" in Psychoneuroendocrinology, 37, no. 9 (2012):1516-1520,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.02.005 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Spirić, Željko
AU  - Opačić, Goran
AU  - Jović, Vladimir
AU  - Samardžić, Radomir
AU  - Knežević, Goran
AU  - Mandić-Gajić, Gordana
AU  - Todorović, Milorad
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1122
AB  - Uvod/Cilj. Tortura, kao poseban vid političkog nasilja, predstavlja ekstremnu primenu nasilnog ponašanja u interpersonalnim odnosima, koji za posledicu mogu imati ne samo akutne psihijatrijske poremećaje, već, veoma često snažne i dalekosežne negativne posledice po ukupno psihosocijalno funkcionisanje žrtve. Cilj ovog rada bio je ustanovljavanje međupolnih razlika kod osoba koje su pretrpele ratnu torturu, s obzirom na vrste pretrpljenog mučenja i karakteristike psihičkih posledica. Metode. Ispitanike (410 osoba muškog i 76 ženskog pola) činili su korisnici 'Centra za rehabilitaciju žrtava torture' - IAN, koji su pretrpeli mučenje u zatvorima i koncentracionim logorima za vreme građanskih ratova u bivšoj Jugoslaviji 1991-1995. i 1999. godine. Za evidentiranje vrsta mučenja korišćen je Upitnik o vrstama mučenja sa 81 stavkom. Za procenu karaktera i intenziteta psiholoških tegoba korišćena je skala provere simptoma-revidirana verzija (SCL-90-R), a za procenu posttraumatske simptomatologije korišćena je Skala uticaja (traumatskog) događaja - IES. Rezultati. Ustanovljena je međupolna razlika prema tipu pretrpljenog mučenja kod 33 vrste torture; 28 su bili češće zastupljeni kod osoba muškog pola, a 5 kod osoba ženskog pola. Faktorska analiza pokazala je postojanje tri faktora koja objašnjavaju 29% ukupne varijanse i protumačeni su kao 'obična tortura', 'sadistička tortura' i 'seksualna tortura'. Diskriminativna analiza ukazala je na značajno razlikovanje među polovima s obzirom na dobijene faktore: kod muškaraca bili su značajno češće prisutni 'obična tortura' i 'sadistička tortura', a kod žena 'seksualna tortura'. Analizom SCL-90-R ustanovljeno je da su aktuelne psihološke tegobe značajno veće kod osoba ženskog pola u dimenzijama somatizacije, depresivnosti, anksioznosti, opsesivnosti i interpersonalne senzitivnosti. Generalni skor na IES i skor na supskalama 'nametanja' traumatskih događaja i 'izbegavanja' socijalnih interakcija bio je značajno veći kod žena nego kod muškaraca. Zaključak. Žene izložene ratnoj torturi bile su kraće i ređe izložene mučenju nego muškarci, ali imaju značajnije izražene posttraumatske tegobe i druge psihičke smetnje. Ustanovljene međupolne razlike u odnosu na različite forme torture, pri čemu su žene značajno češće bile izložene 'seksualnoj torturi', a muškarci 'sadističkoj' i 'običnoj' torturi, ne mogu u potpunosti objasniti češću pojavu posttraumatskih psiholoških posledica kod žena.
AB  - Background/Aim. Torture for political reasons is an extreme violence in interpersonal relations resulting in not only acute psychiatric disorders but also very often in very severe and far reaching negative consequences for the overall psychosocial functioning of a victim. The aim of this study was to investigate gender differences in types of torture and psychological consequences in subjects who experienced war torture. Methods. A sample (410 men and 76 women) included clients of 'Centre for rehabilitation of torture victims - IAN, Belgrade' who experienced torture in prisons and concentration camps during civil wars in ex-Yugoslavia 1991-1995 and 1999. Types of Torture Questionnaire with 81 items was used for collecting data about forms of torture. Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90- R) was used for assessing type and intensity of psychological symptoms, and Impact of Event Scale (IES) was used to estimate posttraumatic complaints. Results. A gender difference was found for 33 types of torture: 28 more frequent in men, and 5 in women. Factor analysis of torture types revealed three factors explaining 29% of variance: 'common torture', 'sadistic torture', and 'sexual torture'. Discriminant analysis revealed significant gender difference concerning the factors. 'Common torture' and 'sadistic torture' were more prominent in men, and 'sexual torture' was more present in women. Higher scores on depression, anxiety, somatization, interpersonal sensitivity and obsessive-compulsive dimensions on SCL-90-R were found in women. General score and scores of subscales (intrusion and avoidance) on IES were significantly higher in women. Conclusion. Women exposed to war torture experienced less torture techniques and shorter imprisonment than men, but had more frequent and severe symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and other psychological symptoms. Gender differences in posttraumatic symptomatology can not be explained exclusively by gender differences in types of torture found in this study.
PB  - Vojnomedicinska akademija - Institut za naučne informacije, Beograd
T2  - Vojnosanitetski pregled
T1  - Polne razlike kod žrtava ratne torture s obzirom na vrste mučenja i psihološke posledice
T1  - Gender differences in victims of war torture: Types of torture and psychological consequences
EP  - 418
IS  - 5
SP  - 411
VL  - 67
DO  - 10.2298/VSP1005411S
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Spirić, Željko and Opačić, Goran and Jović, Vladimir and Samardžić, Radomir and Knežević, Goran and Mandić-Gajić, Gordana and Todorović, Milorad",
year = "2010",
abstract = "Uvod/Cilj. Tortura, kao poseban vid političkog nasilja, predstavlja ekstremnu primenu nasilnog ponašanja u interpersonalnim odnosima, koji za posledicu mogu imati ne samo akutne psihijatrijske poremećaje, već, veoma često snažne i dalekosežne negativne posledice po ukupno psihosocijalno funkcionisanje žrtve. Cilj ovog rada bio je ustanovljavanje međupolnih razlika kod osoba koje su pretrpele ratnu torturu, s obzirom na vrste pretrpljenog mučenja i karakteristike psihičkih posledica. Metode. Ispitanike (410 osoba muškog i 76 ženskog pola) činili su korisnici 'Centra za rehabilitaciju žrtava torture' - IAN, koji su pretrpeli mučenje u zatvorima i koncentracionim logorima za vreme građanskih ratova u bivšoj Jugoslaviji 1991-1995. i 1999. godine. Za evidentiranje vrsta mučenja korišćen je Upitnik o vrstama mučenja sa 81 stavkom. Za procenu karaktera i intenziteta psiholoških tegoba korišćena je skala provere simptoma-revidirana verzija (SCL-90-R), a za procenu posttraumatske simptomatologije korišćena je Skala uticaja (traumatskog) događaja - IES. Rezultati. Ustanovljena je međupolna razlika prema tipu pretrpljenog mučenja kod 33 vrste torture; 28 su bili češće zastupljeni kod osoba muškog pola, a 5 kod osoba ženskog pola. Faktorska analiza pokazala je postojanje tri faktora koja objašnjavaju 29% ukupne varijanse i protumačeni su kao 'obična tortura', 'sadistička tortura' i 'seksualna tortura'. Diskriminativna analiza ukazala je na značajno razlikovanje među polovima s obzirom na dobijene faktore: kod muškaraca bili su značajno češće prisutni 'obična tortura' i 'sadistička tortura', a kod žena 'seksualna tortura'. Analizom SCL-90-R ustanovljeno je da su aktuelne psihološke tegobe značajno veće kod osoba ženskog pola u dimenzijama somatizacije, depresivnosti, anksioznosti, opsesivnosti i interpersonalne senzitivnosti. Generalni skor na IES i skor na supskalama 'nametanja' traumatskih događaja i 'izbegavanja' socijalnih interakcija bio je značajno veći kod žena nego kod muškaraca. Zaključak. Žene izložene ratnoj torturi bile su kraće i ređe izložene mučenju nego muškarci, ali imaju značajnije izražene posttraumatske tegobe i druge psihičke smetnje. Ustanovljene međupolne razlike u odnosu na različite forme torture, pri čemu su žene značajno češće bile izložene 'seksualnoj torturi', a muškarci 'sadističkoj' i 'običnoj' torturi, ne mogu u potpunosti objasniti češću pojavu posttraumatskih psiholoških posledica kod žena., Background/Aim. Torture for political reasons is an extreme violence in interpersonal relations resulting in not only acute psychiatric disorders but also very often in very severe and far reaching negative consequences for the overall psychosocial functioning of a victim. The aim of this study was to investigate gender differences in types of torture and psychological consequences in subjects who experienced war torture. Methods. A sample (410 men and 76 women) included clients of 'Centre for rehabilitation of torture victims - IAN, Belgrade' who experienced torture in prisons and concentration camps during civil wars in ex-Yugoslavia 1991-1995 and 1999. Types of Torture Questionnaire with 81 items was used for collecting data about forms of torture. Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90- R) was used for assessing type and intensity of psychological symptoms, and Impact of Event Scale (IES) was used to estimate posttraumatic complaints. Results. A gender difference was found for 33 types of torture: 28 more frequent in men, and 5 in women. Factor analysis of torture types revealed three factors explaining 29% of variance: 'common torture', 'sadistic torture', and 'sexual torture'. Discriminant analysis revealed significant gender difference concerning the factors. 'Common torture' and 'sadistic torture' were more prominent in men, and 'sexual torture' was more present in women. Higher scores on depression, anxiety, somatization, interpersonal sensitivity and obsessive-compulsive dimensions on SCL-90-R were found in women. General score and scores of subscales (intrusion and avoidance) on IES were significantly higher in women. Conclusion. Women exposed to war torture experienced less torture techniques and shorter imprisonment than men, but had more frequent and severe symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and other psychological symptoms. Gender differences in posttraumatic symptomatology can not be explained exclusively by gender differences in types of torture found in this study.",
publisher = "Vojnomedicinska akademija - Institut za naučne informacije, Beograd",
journal = "Vojnosanitetski pregled",
title = "Polne razlike kod žrtava ratne torture s obzirom na vrste mučenja i psihološke posledice, Gender differences in victims of war torture: Types of torture and psychological consequences",
pages = "418-411",
number = "5",
volume = "67",
doi = "10.2298/VSP1005411S"
}

Spirić, Ž., Opačić, G., Jović, V., Samardžić, R., Knežević, G., Mandić-Gajić, G.,& Todorović, M.. (2010). Polne razlike kod žrtava ratne torture s obzirom na vrste mučenja i psihološke posledice. in Vojnosanitetski pregled
Vojnomedicinska akademija - Institut za naučne informacije, Beograd., 67(5), 411-418.
https://doi.org/10.2298/VSP1005411S

Spirić Ž, Opačić G, Jović V, Samardžić R, Knežević G, Mandić-Gajić G, Todorović M. Polne razlike kod žrtava ratne torture s obzirom na vrste mučenja i psihološke posledice. in Vojnosanitetski pregled. 2010;67(5):411-418.
doi:10.2298/VSP1005411S .

Spirić, Željko, Opačić, Goran, Jović, Vladimir, Samardžić, Radomir, Knežević, Goran, Mandić-Gajić, Gordana, Todorović, Milorad, "Polne razlike kod žrtava ratne torture s obzirom na vrste mučenja i psihološke posledice" in Vojnosanitetski pregled, 67, no. 5 (2010):411-418,
https://doi.org/10.2298/VSP1005411S . .