TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vukčević Marković, Maša
AU  - Bjekić, Jovana
AU  - Priebe, Stefan
PY  - 2020
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3116
AB  - Objective Due to the wide impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, the need for scalable interventions that can effectively reduce psychological distress has been recognized. Expressive writing (EW) can be beneficial for different conditions, including depression, suicidal ideation, and coping with trauma. Therefore, we aim to assess the applicability and effectiveness of an online format of EW in the reduction of psychological distress in context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In this parallel-group, randomized controlled trial, participants (n = 120) were randomly allocated to (1) the intervention group-who completed five EW sessions over the 2 week period-or (2) the control group-who received treatment as usual (TAU). Participants were assessed for primary and secondary outcome measures at baseline, post-treatment, and follow-up-1-month after the treatment. The primary outcome was severity of psychological distress assessed at post-treatment, operationalized as Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) summary score. Secondary outcomes were severity of depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS subscale scores), well-being (WHO-5), subjective perception of quality of life (SQOL), and subjective evaluation of difficulties coping with pandemic, which were also assessed at post-treatment. Per protocol, analysis was conducted with available cases only. Results A less favorable outcome was found in the intervention group on psychological distress, and symptoms of stress, after controlling for baseline scores. Increased stress was recorded in the treatment group, with no effect in the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups on depression, anxiety, well-being, and subjective quality of life. No group effect for any of the outcomes measures was recorded at follow-up. Additional analysis revealed moderation effects of age and gender with older and male participants scoring higher on distress measures. Conclusion Engaging in EW during the pandemic was found to elevate stress; thus, when applied in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, it may be harmful. Hence, EW or similar self-guided interventions should not be applied without prior evidence on their effects in the context of a pandemic and similar stressful and unpredictable circumstances.
PB  - Frontiers Media Sa, Lausanne
T2  - Frontiers in Psychology
T1  - Effectiveness of Expressive Writing in the Reduction of Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Trial
VL  - 11
DO  - 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.587282
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Vukčević Marković, Maša and Bjekić, Jovana and Priebe, Stefan",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Objective Due to the wide impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, the need for scalable interventions that can effectively reduce psychological distress has been recognized. Expressive writing (EW) can be beneficial for different conditions, including depression, suicidal ideation, and coping with trauma. Therefore, we aim to assess the applicability and effectiveness of an online format of EW in the reduction of psychological distress in context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In this parallel-group, randomized controlled trial, participants (n = 120) were randomly allocated to (1) the intervention group-who completed five EW sessions over the 2 week period-or (2) the control group-who received treatment as usual (TAU). Participants were assessed for primary and secondary outcome measures at baseline, post-treatment, and follow-up-1-month after the treatment. The primary outcome was severity of psychological distress assessed at post-treatment, operationalized as Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) summary score. Secondary outcomes were severity of depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS subscale scores), well-being (WHO-5), subjective perception of quality of life (SQOL), and subjective evaluation of difficulties coping with pandemic, which were also assessed at post-treatment. Per protocol, analysis was conducted with available cases only. Results A less favorable outcome was found in the intervention group on psychological distress, and symptoms of stress, after controlling for baseline scores. Increased stress was recorded in the treatment group, with no effect in the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups on depression, anxiety, well-being, and subjective quality of life. No group effect for any of the outcomes measures was recorded at follow-up. Additional analysis revealed moderation effects of age and gender with older and male participants scoring higher on distress measures. Conclusion Engaging in EW during the pandemic was found to elevate stress; thus, when applied in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, it may be harmful. Hence, EW or similar self-guided interventions should not be applied without prior evidence on their effects in the context of a pandemic and similar stressful and unpredictable circumstances.",
publisher = "Frontiers Media Sa, Lausanne",
journal = "Frontiers in Psychology",
title = "Effectiveness of Expressive Writing in the Reduction of Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Trial",
volume = "11",
doi = "10.3389/fpsyg.2020.587282"
}

Vukčević Marković, M., Bjekić, J.,& Priebe, S.. (2020). Effectiveness of Expressive Writing in the Reduction of Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Trial. in Frontiers in Psychology
Frontiers Media Sa, Lausanne., 11.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.587282

Vukčević Marković M, Bjekić J, Priebe S. Effectiveness of Expressive Writing in the Reduction of Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Trial. in Frontiers in Psychology. 2020;11.
doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.587282 .

Vukčević Marković, Maša, Bjekić, Jovana, Priebe, Stefan, "Effectiveness of Expressive Writing in the Reduction of Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Trial" in Frontiers in Psychology, 11 (2020),
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.587282 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lečić-Toševski, Dušica
AU  - Pejušković, Bojana
AU  - Miladinović, Tijana
AU  - Tošković, Oliver
AU  - Priebe, Stefan
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1606
AB  - Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may develop as a serious longterm consequence of traumatic experiences, even many years after trauma exposure. The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence of lifetime and current PTSD as well as to detect the most stressful life events and sociodemographic risk factors of PTSD in a general adult Serbian population. The sample consisted of 640 subjects chosen by random walk technique in five regions of the country. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5 revealed an 18.8% prevalence rate of current PTSD and a 32.3% prevalence rate of lifetime PTSD. According to the Life Stressor Checklist-Revised, the bombardment, being expelled from home, siege, and participation in combat were the stressful events most likely to be associated with PTSD. The prevalence of PTSD increased among widows and widowers, divorced persons, unemployed persons, and retired persons. The high level of PTSD a few years after the trauma exposure classifies as a significant health problem that can cause serious consequences for families and the community as a whole.
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia
T2  - Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
T1  - Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Serbian Community Seven Years After Trauma Exposure
EP  - 1044
IS  - 12
SP  - 1040
VL  - 201
DO  - 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000051
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Lečić-Toševski, Dušica and Pejušković, Bojana and Miladinović, Tijana and Tošković, Oliver and Priebe, Stefan",
year = "2013",
abstract = "Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may develop as a serious longterm consequence of traumatic experiences, even many years after trauma exposure. The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence of lifetime and current PTSD as well as to detect the most stressful life events and sociodemographic risk factors of PTSD in a general adult Serbian population. The sample consisted of 640 subjects chosen by random walk technique in five regions of the country. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5 revealed an 18.8% prevalence rate of current PTSD and a 32.3% prevalence rate of lifetime PTSD. According to the Life Stressor Checklist-Revised, the bombardment, being expelled from home, siege, and participation in combat were the stressful events most likely to be associated with PTSD. The prevalence of PTSD increased among widows and widowers, divorced persons, unemployed persons, and retired persons. The high level of PTSD a few years after the trauma exposure classifies as a significant health problem that can cause serious consequences for families and the community as a whole.",
publisher = "Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia",
journal = "Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease",
title = "Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Serbian Community Seven Years After Trauma Exposure",
pages = "1044-1040",
number = "12",
volume = "201",
doi = "10.1097/NMD.0000000000000051"
}

Lečić-Toševski, D., Pejušković, B., Miladinović, T., Tošković, O.,& Priebe, S.. (2013). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Serbian Community Seven Years After Trauma Exposure. in Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia., 201(12), 1040-1044.
https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000051

Lečić-Toševski D, Pejušković B, Miladinović T, Tošković O, Priebe S. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Serbian Community Seven Years After Trauma Exposure. in Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2013;201(12):1040-1044.
doi:10.1097/NMD.0000000000000051 .

Lečić-Toševski, Dušica, Pejušković, Bojana, Miladinović, Tijana, Tošković, Oliver, Priebe, Stefan, "Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Serbian Community Seven Years After Trauma Exposure" in Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 201, no. 12 (2013):1040-1044,
https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000051 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pejušković, Bojana
AU  - Lečić-Toševski, Dušica
AU  - Priebe, Stefan
AU  - Tošković, Oliver
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1140
PB  - Co-Action Publishing, Jarfalla
T2  - European Journal of Psychotraumatology
T1  - Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Serbia
VL  - 2
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_1140
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Pejušković, Bojana and Lečić-Toševski, Dušica and Priebe, Stefan and Tošković, Oliver",
year = "2011",
publisher = "Co-Action Publishing, Jarfalla",
journal = "European Journal of Psychotraumatology",
title = "Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Serbia",
volume = "2",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_1140"
}

Pejušković, B., Lečić-Toševski, D., Priebe, S.,& Tošković, O.. (2011). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Serbia. in European Journal of Psychotraumatology
Co-Action Publishing, Jarfalla., 2.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_1140

Pejušković B, Lečić-Toševski D, Priebe S, Tošković O. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Serbia. in European Journal of Psychotraumatology. 2011;2.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_1140 .

Pejušković, Bojana, Lečić-Toševski, Dušica, Priebe, Stefan, Tošković, Oliver, "Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Serbia" in European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 2 (2011),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_1140 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pejušković, Bojana
AU  - Lečić-Toševski, Dušica
AU  - Priebe, Stefan
AU  - Tošković, Oliver
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1240
AB  - Background: Burnout syndrome (BS) and stress-related disorders are frequent among medical specialists, but it has been suggested that some health workers are more prone to the BS than others. This study assessed the intensity of the BS among 3 groups of physicians: psychiatrists, general practitioners and surgeons and examined correlation both between the intensity of BS and physicians' personality dimensions as well as between the level of BS and stress coping strategies. Subjects and methods: The sample consisted of 160 physicians (70 general practitioners, 50 psychiatrists, 40 surgeons). The assessment was carried out by the Maslach Burnout Inventory, The Temperament and Character Inventory and Manual for the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Results: Dimension of emotional exhaustion was the most prominent in general practitioners (F=5.546, df1=2, df2=156, p lt 0.01), while dimension of depersonalization was highest in surgeons (F=15.314, df1=2, df2=156, p lt 0.01), as well as lack of personal accomplishment (F=16.079, df1=2, df2=156, p lt 0.01). We found that the Harm Avoidance has lead to development of BS while Self-directedness and Cooperativeness were prominent in physicians with low level of BS. The escape-avoidance was in correlation with high depersonalization and lack of personal accomplishment while self-control was prominent in physicians with lower BS. Conclusion: The BS affects personal well-being and professional performance. It is important to identify individuals with a tendency towards its development, in order to undertake preventive measures such as stress management and improvement of the stress coping strategies.
PB  - Medicinska Naklada, Zagreb
T2  - Psychiatria Danubina
T1  - Burnout syndrome among physicians - the role of personality dimensions and coping strategies
EP  - 395
IS  - 4
SP  - 389
VL  - 23
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_1240
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Pejušković, Bojana and Lečić-Toševski, Dušica and Priebe, Stefan and Tošković, Oliver",
year = "2011",
abstract = "Background: Burnout syndrome (BS) and stress-related disorders are frequent among medical specialists, but it has been suggested that some health workers are more prone to the BS than others. This study assessed the intensity of the BS among 3 groups of physicians: psychiatrists, general practitioners and surgeons and examined correlation both between the intensity of BS and physicians' personality dimensions as well as between the level of BS and stress coping strategies. Subjects and methods: The sample consisted of 160 physicians (70 general practitioners, 50 psychiatrists, 40 surgeons). The assessment was carried out by the Maslach Burnout Inventory, The Temperament and Character Inventory and Manual for the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Results: Dimension of emotional exhaustion was the most prominent in general practitioners (F=5.546, df1=2, df2=156, p lt 0.01), while dimension of depersonalization was highest in surgeons (F=15.314, df1=2, df2=156, p lt 0.01), as well as lack of personal accomplishment (F=16.079, df1=2, df2=156, p lt 0.01). We found that the Harm Avoidance has lead to development of BS while Self-directedness and Cooperativeness were prominent in physicians with low level of BS. The escape-avoidance was in correlation with high depersonalization and lack of personal accomplishment while self-control was prominent in physicians with lower BS. Conclusion: The BS affects personal well-being and professional performance. It is important to identify individuals with a tendency towards its development, in order to undertake preventive measures such as stress management and improvement of the stress coping strategies.",
publisher = "Medicinska Naklada, Zagreb",
journal = "Psychiatria Danubina",
title = "Burnout syndrome among physicians - the role of personality dimensions and coping strategies",
pages = "395-389",
number = "4",
volume = "23",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_1240"
}

Pejušković, B., Lečić-Toševski, D., Priebe, S.,& Tošković, O.. (2011). Burnout syndrome among physicians - the role of personality dimensions and coping strategies. in Psychiatria Danubina
Medicinska Naklada, Zagreb., 23(4), 389-395.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_1240

Pejušković B, Lečić-Toševski D, Priebe S, Tošković O. Burnout syndrome among physicians - the role of personality dimensions and coping strategies. in Psychiatria Danubina. 2011;23(4):389-395.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_1240 .

Pejušković, Bojana, Lečić-Toševski, Dušica, Priebe, Stefan, Tošković, Oliver, "Burnout syndrome among physicians - the role of personality dimensions and coping strategies" in Psychiatria Danubina, 23, no. 4 (2011):389-395,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_1240 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Priebe, Stefan
AU  - Janković-Gavrilović, Jelena
AU  - Matanov, Aleksandra
AU  - Francisković, Tanja
AU  - Knežević, Goran
AU  - Ljubotina, Damir
AU  - Mehmedbasić, Alma Bravo
AU  - Schuetzwohl, Matthias
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1131
AB  - Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a frequent consequence of war experience, and specialized centers have been established in some war-affected areas to provide treatment. This study assessed treatment costs and outcomes in such centers in former Yugoslavia. Methods: An observational study was conducted in four specialized treatment centers (in Serbia, Croatia, and Bosnia-Herzegovina). A total of 526 consecutive adult patients with war-related PTSD were assessed at the beginning of treatment, and 463 met inclusion criteria, including a diagnosis of PTSD on the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV (CAPS). For most patients seven years had elapsed between the traumatic experience and treatment at the specialized center. Service costs were also assessed. Outcomes measured at one year were the presence of a PTSD diagnosis and severity of symptoms as indicated by the CAPS score and subjective quality of life as measured by the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life. Results: At 12 months 380 (82%) patients were followed up, and 325 (86%) met criteria for PTSD. Symptoms and quality of life showed overall small but statistically significant improvements. Treatment costs for patients with and without PTSD at 12 months did not significantly differ ((sic)307 and (sic)284, respectively). Conclusions: The recovery rate among patients treated in specialized centers for war-related PTSD several years after the war was poor (14%), and symptom improvements were small. The recovery rate was not linked to service costs. Improving recovery rates might require different treatment methods or different service models. (Psychiatric Services 61:598-604, 2010)
PB  - American Psychiatric Association
T2  - Psychiatric Services
T1  - Treatment Outcomes and Costs at Specialized Centers for the Treatment of PTSD After the War in Former Yugoslavia
EP  - 604
IS  - 6
SP  - 598
VL  - 61
DO  - 10.1176/ps.2010.61.6.598
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Priebe, Stefan and Janković-Gavrilović, Jelena and Matanov, Aleksandra and Francisković, Tanja and Knežević, Goran and Ljubotina, Damir and Mehmedbasić, Alma Bravo and Schuetzwohl, Matthias",
year = "2010",
abstract = "Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a frequent consequence of war experience, and specialized centers have been established in some war-affected areas to provide treatment. This study assessed treatment costs and outcomes in such centers in former Yugoslavia. Methods: An observational study was conducted in four specialized treatment centers (in Serbia, Croatia, and Bosnia-Herzegovina). A total of 526 consecutive adult patients with war-related PTSD were assessed at the beginning of treatment, and 463 met inclusion criteria, including a diagnosis of PTSD on the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV (CAPS). For most patients seven years had elapsed between the traumatic experience and treatment at the specialized center. Service costs were also assessed. Outcomes measured at one year were the presence of a PTSD diagnosis and severity of symptoms as indicated by the CAPS score and subjective quality of life as measured by the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life. Results: At 12 months 380 (82%) patients were followed up, and 325 (86%) met criteria for PTSD. Symptoms and quality of life showed overall small but statistically significant improvements. Treatment costs for patients with and without PTSD at 12 months did not significantly differ ((sic)307 and (sic)284, respectively). Conclusions: The recovery rate among patients treated in specialized centers for war-related PTSD several years after the war was poor (14%), and symptom improvements were small. The recovery rate was not linked to service costs. Improving recovery rates might require different treatment methods or different service models. (Psychiatric Services 61:598-604, 2010)",
publisher = "American Psychiatric Association",
journal = "Psychiatric Services",
title = "Treatment Outcomes and Costs at Specialized Centers for the Treatment of PTSD After the War in Former Yugoslavia",
pages = "604-598",
number = "6",
volume = "61",
doi = "10.1176/ps.2010.61.6.598"
}

Priebe, S., Janković-Gavrilović, J., Matanov, A., Francisković, T., Knežević, G., Ljubotina, D., Mehmedbasić, A. B.,& Schuetzwohl, M.. (2010). Treatment Outcomes and Costs at Specialized Centers for the Treatment of PTSD After the War in Former Yugoslavia. in Psychiatric Services
American Psychiatric Association., 61(6), 598-604.
https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.2010.61.6.598

Priebe S, Janković-Gavrilović J, Matanov A, Francisković T, Knežević G, Ljubotina D, Mehmedbasić AB, Schuetzwohl M. Treatment Outcomes and Costs at Specialized Centers for the Treatment of PTSD After the War in Former Yugoslavia. in Psychiatric Services. 2010;61(6):598-604.
doi:10.1176/ps.2010.61.6.598 .

Priebe, Stefan, Janković-Gavrilović, Jelena, Matanov, Aleksandra, Francisković, Tanja, Knežević, Goran, Ljubotina, Damir, Mehmedbasić, Alma Bravo, Schuetzwohl, Matthias, "Treatment Outcomes and Costs at Specialized Centers for the Treatment of PTSD After the War in Former Yugoslavia" in Psychiatric Services, 61, no. 6 (2010):598-604,
https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.2010.61.6.598 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Priebe, Stefan
AU  - Matanov, Aleksandra
AU  - Janković-Gavrilović, Jelena
AU  - McCrone, Paul
AU  - Ljubotina, Damir
AU  - Knežević, Goran
AU  - Kucukalić, Abdulah
AU  - Francisković, Tanja
AU  - Schuetzwohl, Matthias
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/884
AB  - Aim To assess long-term mental health outcomes in people who suffer from war-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) but do not receive appropriate treatment. Methods We interviewed 264 subjects from former Yugoslavia, who lived in Croatia, Serbia, Germany, and the United Kingdom. All of them had suffered from PTSD at some point following the war, but never received psychiatric or psychological treatment. The interviews took place on average 10.7 +/- 3.0 years after the war-related trauma. Outcomes were current PTSD on the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV, subjective quality of life (SQOL) on the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life, and care costs. Socio-demographic characteristics, the level of traumatic war-events, and aspects of the post-war situation were tested for association with outcomes. Results Current PTSD was diagnosed in 83.7% of participants, the mean SQOL score was 4.0 +/- 0.9, and mean care costs in the last 3 months exceeded (sic)1100 in each center. Older age, more traumatic war-events, lower education, and living in post-conflict countries were associated with higher rates of current PTSD. Older age, combat experience, more traumatic war-events, being unemployed, living alone, being housed in collective accommodation, and current PTSD were independently associated with lower SQOL. Older age and living in Germany were linked to higher costs of formal care. Conclusion People with untreated war-related PTSD have a high risk of still having PTSD a decade after the traumatic event. Their SQOL is relatively low, and they generate considerable care costs. Factors that have been reported as influencing the occurrence of PTSD also appear relevant for recovery from PTSD. Current PTSD may impair SQOL independently of social factors.
PB  - Medicinska Naklada, Zagreb
T2  - Croatian Medical Journal
T1  - Consequences of Untreated Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Following War in Former Yugoslavia: Morbidity, Subjective Quality of Life, and Care Costs
EP  - 475
IS  - 5
SP  - 465
VL  - 50
DO  - 10.3325/cmj.2009.50.465
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Priebe, Stefan and Matanov, Aleksandra and Janković-Gavrilović, Jelena and McCrone, Paul and Ljubotina, Damir and Knežević, Goran and Kucukalić, Abdulah and Francisković, Tanja and Schuetzwohl, Matthias",
year = "2009",
abstract = "Aim To assess long-term mental health outcomes in people who suffer from war-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) but do not receive appropriate treatment. Methods We interviewed 264 subjects from former Yugoslavia, who lived in Croatia, Serbia, Germany, and the United Kingdom. All of them had suffered from PTSD at some point following the war, but never received psychiatric or psychological treatment. The interviews took place on average 10.7 +/- 3.0 years after the war-related trauma. Outcomes were current PTSD on the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV, subjective quality of life (SQOL) on the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life, and care costs. Socio-demographic characteristics, the level of traumatic war-events, and aspects of the post-war situation were tested for association with outcomes. Results Current PTSD was diagnosed in 83.7% of participants, the mean SQOL score was 4.0 +/- 0.9, and mean care costs in the last 3 months exceeded (sic)1100 in each center. Older age, more traumatic war-events, lower education, and living in post-conflict countries were associated with higher rates of current PTSD. Older age, combat experience, more traumatic war-events, being unemployed, living alone, being housed in collective accommodation, and current PTSD were independently associated with lower SQOL. Older age and living in Germany were linked to higher costs of formal care. Conclusion People with untreated war-related PTSD have a high risk of still having PTSD a decade after the traumatic event. Their SQOL is relatively low, and they generate considerable care costs. Factors that have been reported as influencing the occurrence of PTSD also appear relevant for recovery from PTSD. Current PTSD may impair SQOL independently of social factors.",
publisher = "Medicinska Naklada, Zagreb",
journal = "Croatian Medical Journal",
title = "Consequences of Untreated Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Following War in Former Yugoslavia: Morbidity, Subjective Quality of Life, and Care Costs",
pages = "475-465",
number = "5",
volume = "50",
doi = "10.3325/cmj.2009.50.465"
}

Priebe, S., Matanov, A., Janković-Gavrilović, J., McCrone, P., Ljubotina, D., Knežević, G., Kucukalić, A., Francisković, T.,& Schuetzwohl, M.. (2009). Consequences of Untreated Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Following War in Former Yugoslavia: Morbidity, Subjective Quality of Life, and Care Costs. in Croatian Medical Journal
Medicinska Naklada, Zagreb., 50(5), 465-475.
https://doi.org/10.3325/cmj.2009.50.465

Priebe S, Matanov A, Janković-Gavrilović J, McCrone P, Ljubotina D, Knežević G, Kucukalić A, Francisković T, Schuetzwohl M. Consequences of Untreated Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Following War in Former Yugoslavia: Morbidity, Subjective Quality of Life, and Care Costs. in Croatian Medical Journal. 2009;50(5):465-475.
doi:10.3325/cmj.2009.50.465 .

Priebe, Stefan, Matanov, Aleksandra, Janković-Gavrilović, Jelena, McCrone, Paul, Ljubotina, Damir, Knežević, Goran, Kucukalić, Abdulah, Francisković, Tanja, Schuetzwohl, Matthias, "Consequences of Untreated Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Following War in Former Yugoslavia: Morbidity, Subjective Quality of Life, and Care Costs" in Croatian Medical Journal, 50, no. 5 (2009):465-475,
https://doi.org/10.3325/cmj.2009.50.465 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Knežević, Goran
AU  - Opačić, Goran
AU  - Savić, D
AU  - Priebe, Stefan
PY  - 2005
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/504
AB  - Background. Previous studies have suggested an association between personality traits and posttraumatic stress. These studies either focused exclusively on military veterans or assessed personality traits after the traumatic event. This study investigates to what extent personality traits as assessed before the traumatic experience predict post-traumatic stress in civilians experiencing air attacks at the end of the exposure to stressful events and I year later. Method. The revised version of the NEO Personality Inventory was administered to 70 students in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. In 1999, 1 or 2 years after the assessment, all students were exposed to air attacks for I I weeks. At the end of the attacks and I year later post-traumatic stress was measured on the Impact of Event Scale. Results. Pre-trauma personality predicted 13 % of the variance of intrusion scores I year after the attacks. There was no significant correlation between personality traits and subsequent avoidance scores at any point of time. Conclusions. Personality traits that are assessed before a traumatic event can, to a limited extent, predict intrusive symptoms in a non-clinical sample of civilians. Pre-trauma assessments of personality might be less strongly associated with post-traumatic stress than personality traits obtained after the traumatic event.
PB  - Cambridge Univ Press, New York
T2  - Psychological Medicine
T1  - Do personality traits predict post-traumatic stress?: a prospective study in civilians experiencing air attacks
EP  - 663
IS  - 5
SP  - 659
VL  - 35
DO  - 10.1017/S0033291704004131
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Knežević, Goran and Opačić, Goran and Savić, D and Priebe, Stefan",
year = "2005",
abstract = "Background. Previous studies have suggested an association between personality traits and posttraumatic stress. These studies either focused exclusively on military veterans or assessed personality traits after the traumatic event. This study investigates to what extent personality traits as assessed before the traumatic experience predict post-traumatic stress in civilians experiencing air attacks at the end of the exposure to stressful events and I year later. Method. The revised version of the NEO Personality Inventory was administered to 70 students in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. In 1999, 1 or 2 years after the assessment, all students were exposed to air attacks for I I weeks. At the end of the attacks and I year later post-traumatic stress was measured on the Impact of Event Scale. Results. Pre-trauma personality predicted 13 % of the variance of intrusion scores I year after the attacks. There was no significant correlation between personality traits and subsequent avoidance scores at any point of time. Conclusions. Personality traits that are assessed before a traumatic event can, to a limited extent, predict intrusive symptoms in a non-clinical sample of civilians. Pre-trauma assessments of personality might be less strongly associated with post-traumatic stress than personality traits obtained after the traumatic event.",
publisher = "Cambridge Univ Press, New York",
journal = "Psychological Medicine",
title = "Do personality traits predict post-traumatic stress?: a prospective study in civilians experiencing air attacks",
pages = "663-659",
number = "5",
volume = "35",
doi = "10.1017/S0033291704004131"
}

Knežević, G., Opačić, G., Savić, D.,& Priebe, S.. (2005). Do personality traits predict post-traumatic stress?: a prospective study in civilians experiencing air attacks. in Psychological Medicine
Cambridge Univ Press, New York., 35(5), 659-663.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291704004131

Knežević G, Opačić G, Savić D, Priebe S. Do personality traits predict post-traumatic stress?: a prospective study in civilians experiencing air attacks. in Psychological Medicine. 2005;35(5):659-663.
doi:10.1017/S0033291704004131 .

Knežević, Goran, Opačić, Goran, Savić, D, Priebe, Stefan, "Do personality traits predict post-traumatic stress?: a prospective study in civilians experiencing air attacks" in Psychological Medicine, 35, no. 5 (2005):659-663,
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291704004131 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lečić-Toševski, Dušica
AU  - Gavrilović, J.
AU  - Knežević, Goran
AU  - Priebe, Stefan
PY  - 2003
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/421
AB  - There is an ongoing debate on which risk factors for developing posttraumatic stress symptoms are more important-personality traits reflecting vulnerability, previous stressful experiences or characteristics of the traumatic event. In this study, posttraumatic stress symptoms and their relationship with personality traits, previous stressful experiences and exposure to stressful events during air attacks in Yugoslavia were investigated. The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI; Millon, 1983), Impact of Events Scale (IES, Horowitz, Wilner, & Alvarez, 1979), Life Stressor Checklist Revised (LSCL-R; Wolfe & Kimerling, 1997), and List of Stressors were administered to a homogeneous group of medical students I year after the attacks. In multiple regression analyses, compulsive and passive-aggressive personality traits and a higher level of exposure to stressors during air attacks independently predicted the degree of intrusion symptoms. Avoidance symptoms were predicted by avoidant personality traits and a higher exposure to stressors both previously in life and during the attacks. In the next step, we tested in analyses of variance whether personality traits, previous stressful experiences, and stressful events during attacks as independent variables interact in predicting intrusion and avoidance symptoms. For this, students were clustered into three groups depending on their predominant personality traits. In addition to direct predictive effects ; there were significant interaction effects in predicting both intrusion and avoidance. The findings suggest that each of the tested factors, i.e., personality traits, previous stressful experiences, and exposure to traumatic events may have an independent and direct influence on developing posttraumatic stress. However, the effect of these factors cannot just be added up. Rather, the factors interact in their impact on posttraumatic stress symptoms. Bigger samples and longitudinal designs will be required to understand precisely how different personality traits influence response to stressful events.
PB  - Guilford Publications Inc, New York
T2  - Journal of Personality Disorders
T1  - Personality factors and posttraumatic stress: Associations in civilians one year after air attacks
EP  - 549
IS  - 6
SP  - 537
VL  - 17
DO  - 10.1521/pedi.17.6.537.25358
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Lečić-Toševski, Dušica and Gavrilović, J. and Knežević, Goran and Priebe, Stefan",
year = "2003",
abstract = "There is an ongoing debate on which risk factors for developing posttraumatic stress symptoms are more important-personality traits reflecting vulnerability, previous stressful experiences or characteristics of the traumatic event. In this study, posttraumatic stress symptoms and their relationship with personality traits, previous stressful experiences and exposure to stressful events during air attacks in Yugoslavia were investigated. The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI; Millon, 1983), Impact of Events Scale (IES, Horowitz, Wilner, & Alvarez, 1979), Life Stressor Checklist Revised (LSCL-R; Wolfe & Kimerling, 1997), and List of Stressors were administered to a homogeneous group of medical students I year after the attacks. In multiple regression analyses, compulsive and passive-aggressive personality traits and a higher level of exposure to stressors during air attacks independently predicted the degree of intrusion symptoms. Avoidance symptoms were predicted by avoidant personality traits and a higher exposure to stressors both previously in life and during the attacks. In the next step, we tested in analyses of variance whether personality traits, previous stressful experiences, and stressful events during attacks as independent variables interact in predicting intrusion and avoidance symptoms. For this, students were clustered into three groups depending on their predominant personality traits. In addition to direct predictive effects ; there were significant interaction effects in predicting both intrusion and avoidance. The findings suggest that each of the tested factors, i.e., personality traits, previous stressful experiences, and exposure to traumatic events may have an independent and direct influence on developing posttraumatic stress. However, the effect of these factors cannot just be added up. Rather, the factors interact in their impact on posttraumatic stress symptoms. Bigger samples and longitudinal designs will be required to understand precisely how different personality traits influence response to stressful events.",
publisher = "Guilford Publications Inc, New York",
journal = "Journal of Personality Disorders",
title = "Personality factors and posttraumatic stress: Associations in civilians one year after air attacks",
pages = "549-537",
number = "6",
volume = "17",
doi = "10.1521/pedi.17.6.537.25358"
}

Lečić-Toševski, D., Gavrilović, J., Knežević, G.,& Priebe, S.. (2003). Personality factors and posttraumatic stress: Associations in civilians one year after air attacks. in Journal of Personality Disorders
Guilford Publications Inc, New York., 17(6), 537-549.
https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.17.6.537.25358

Lečić-Toševski D, Gavrilović J, Knežević G, Priebe S. Personality factors and posttraumatic stress: Associations in civilians one year after air attacks. in Journal of Personality Disorders. 2003;17(6):537-549.
doi:10.1521/pedi.17.6.537.25358 .

Lečić-Toševski, Dušica, Gavrilović, J., Knežević, Goran, Priebe, Stefan, "Personality factors and posttraumatic stress: Associations in civilians one year after air attacks" in Journal of Personality Disorders, 17, no. 6 (2003):537-549,
https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.17.6.537.25358 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gavrilović, J.
AU  - Lečić-Toševski, Dušica
AU  - Dimić, S.
AU  - Pejović-Milovančević, Milica
AU  - Knežević, Goran
AU  - Priebe, Stefan
PY  - 2003
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/418
AB  - Background Coping strategies may influence the psychological outcome after a stressful event, both as coping at the time of the event and as strategies of dealing with its consequences after the event. The aim of the study was to investigate coping strategies used by civilians during the air attacks in Yugoslavia in 1999, and their association with the level of exposure, gender and psychological symptoms 1 year later. Method The sample is a non-selective group of 139 medical students from the University of Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Open questions and content analysis were used to assess coping strategies. Symptoms of intrusion and avoidance were assessed, as well as general psychological symptoms. Results Content analysis of answers to open questions revealed nine categories of coping strategies (sport and walks, leisure activities, talking and gathering, humor, avoidance, philosophical approach, getting information, work, and substance abuse). A cluster analysis identified three groups of students with different styles of coping. Students that used dominantly 'talking and gathering' had the highest, and the ones that mostly used 'leisure activities' the lowest scores on intrusion. There were significant gender differences in how coping strategies were associated with intrusive symptoms. Conclusion The type of coping strategies used during the air attacks may contribute to the level of intrusive symptoms 1 year after the event. Different coping strategies might be effective in men and women to reduce intrusive symptoms. Longitudinal and prospective studies are needed to draw definite conclusions on causal relationships between coping strategies and levels of posttraumatic stress.
PB  - Springer Heidelberg, Heidelberg
T2  - Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
T1  - Coping strategies in civilians during air attacks
EP  - 133
IS  - 3
SP  - 128
VL  - 38
DO  - 10.1007/s00127-003-0612-9
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Gavrilović, J. and Lečić-Toševski, Dušica and Dimić, S. and Pejović-Milovančević, Milica and Knežević, Goran and Priebe, Stefan",
year = "2003",
abstract = "Background Coping strategies may influence the psychological outcome after a stressful event, both as coping at the time of the event and as strategies of dealing with its consequences after the event. The aim of the study was to investigate coping strategies used by civilians during the air attacks in Yugoslavia in 1999, and their association with the level of exposure, gender and psychological symptoms 1 year later. Method The sample is a non-selective group of 139 medical students from the University of Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Open questions and content analysis were used to assess coping strategies. Symptoms of intrusion and avoidance were assessed, as well as general psychological symptoms. Results Content analysis of answers to open questions revealed nine categories of coping strategies (sport and walks, leisure activities, talking and gathering, humor, avoidance, philosophical approach, getting information, work, and substance abuse). A cluster analysis identified three groups of students with different styles of coping. Students that used dominantly 'talking and gathering' had the highest, and the ones that mostly used 'leisure activities' the lowest scores on intrusion. There were significant gender differences in how coping strategies were associated with intrusive symptoms. Conclusion The type of coping strategies used during the air attacks may contribute to the level of intrusive symptoms 1 year after the event. Different coping strategies might be effective in men and women to reduce intrusive symptoms. Longitudinal and prospective studies are needed to draw definite conclusions on causal relationships between coping strategies and levels of posttraumatic stress.",
publisher = "Springer Heidelberg, Heidelberg",
journal = "Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology",
title = "Coping strategies in civilians during air attacks",
pages = "133-128",
number = "3",
volume = "38",
doi = "10.1007/s00127-003-0612-9"
}

Gavrilović, J., Lečić-Toševski, D., Dimić, S., Pejović-Milovančević, M., Knežević, G.,& Priebe, S.. (2003). Coping strategies in civilians during air attacks. in Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
Springer Heidelberg, Heidelberg., 38(3), 128-133.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-003-0612-9

Gavrilović J, Lečić-Toševski D, Dimić S, Pejović-Milovančević M, Knežević G, Priebe S. Coping strategies in civilians during air attacks. in Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2003;38(3):128-133.
doi:10.1007/s00127-003-0612-9 .

Gavrilović, J., Lečić-Toševski, Dušica, Dimić, S., Pejović-Milovančević, Milica, Knežević, Goran, Priebe, Stefan, "Coping strategies in civilians during air attacks" in Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 38, no. 3 (2003):128-133,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-003-0612-9 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gavrilović, J.
AU  - Lečić-Toševski, Dušica
AU  - Knežević, Goran
AU  - Priebe, Stefan
PY  - 2002
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/385
AB  - The level of posttraumatic stress, other psychological symptoms, and potential predictors were assessed in 139 medical students 1 year after experiencing air attacks in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Eleven percent of the students showed high levels of posttraumatic stress (scores  gt  34) on the Impact of Event Scale; lower degrees of intrusion symptoms were reported by 32% of the students and avoidance symptoms were reported by 45%. Although gender, distress during previous stressful events, and exposure to trauma during the attacks were all of some predictive value, distress during the attacks was the best predictor for symptoms. This association remained significant when the influence of other psychological symptoms was controlled. The type of previous stressful events interacted with the degree of exposure to trauma during the attacks in predicting avoidance symptoms, but not intrusion symptoms. The findings suggest that predictors for high and low thresholds of symptoms may be similar. The quality of previous stressful events can modify the response to subsequent trauma.
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia
T2  - Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
T1  - Predictors of posttraumatic stress in civilians 1 year after air attacks: A study of Yugoslavian students
EP  - 262
IS  - 4
SP  - 257
VL  - 190
DO  - 10.1097/00005053-200204000-00007
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Gavrilović, J. and Lečić-Toševski, Dušica and Knežević, Goran and Priebe, Stefan",
year = "2002",
abstract = "The level of posttraumatic stress, other psychological symptoms, and potential predictors were assessed in 139 medical students 1 year after experiencing air attacks in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Eleven percent of the students showed high levels of posttraumatic stress (scores  gt  34) on the Impact of Event Scale; lower degrees of intrusion symptoms were reported by 32% of the students and avoidance symptoms were reported by 45%. Although gender, distress during previous stressful events, and exposure to trauma during the attacks were all of some predictive value, distress during the attacks was the best predictor for symptoms. This association remained significant when the influence of other psychological symptoms was controlled. The type of previous stressful events interacted with the degree of exposure to trauma during the attacks in predicting avoidance symptoms, but not intrusion symptoms. The findings suggest that predictors for high and low thresholds of symptoms may be similar. The quality of previous stressful events can modify the response to subsequent trauma.",
publisher = "Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia",
journal = "Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease",
title = "Predictors of posttraumatic stress in civilians 1 year after air attacks: A study of Yugoslavian students",
pages = "262-257",
number = "4",
volume = "190",
doi = "10.1097/00005053-200204000-00007"
}

Gavrilović, J., Lečić-Toševski, D., Knežević, G.,& Priebe, S.. (2002). Predictors of posttraumatic stress in civilians 1 year after air attacks: A study of Yugoslavian students. in Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia., 190(4), 257-262.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-200204000-00007

Gavrilović J, Lečić-Toševski D, Knežević G, Priebe S. Predictors of posttraumatic stress in civilians 1 year after air attacks: A study of Yugoslavian students. in Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2002;190(4):257-262.
doi:10.1097/00005053-200204000-00007 .

Gavrilović, J., Lečić-Toševski, Dušica, Knežević, Goran, Priebe, Stefan, "Predictors of posttraumatic stress in civilians 1 year after air attacks: A study of Yugoslavian students" in Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 190, no. 4 (2002):257-262,
https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-200204000-00007 . .