Kratki pregled ranog širenja graška (Pisum sativum L.) u Evropi

Abstract

Grašak je predstavljao deo svakodnevne ishrane evropskih lovaca-sakupljača krajem poslednjeg ledenog doba. Glavni kriterijumi za određivanje odomaćivanja graška su nepucajuće mahune, krupno seme i glatka semenjača. Semena graška pronađena su među najstarijim ostacima gajenih biljaka na lokalitetu El-Kerk u Siriji, starosti 10,000 godina. Zajedno sa strninama i sočivom, grašak je odigrao ključnu ulogu u otpočinjanju 'poljoprivredne revolucije' u Starom svetu. Grašak je ušao u Evropu u njenim jugoistočnim delovima i prodro u unutrašnjost uz Dunav, šireći se brzo, što je potvrđeno njegovim prisustvom na udaljenim mestima u slično vreme. Lingvistički dokazi takođe govore u prilog da je grašak brzo postao prisutan u skoro svim delovima Evrope. Većina evropskih naroda poseduje svoje sopstvene reči za grašak, što znači da je postojao pre razvića njihovih prajezika.

Pea was a part of the everyday diet of the European hunter-gatherers at the end of the last Ice Age. The major criteria to determine the domestication in pea are non-dehiscent pods, larger seed size and smooth seed testa. Pea seeds were found among the earliest findings of cultivated crops at the site of Tell El-Kerkh, Syria, from 10th millennium BP. Along with cereals and lentil, pea has definitely become associated with the start of the 'agricultural revolution' in the Old World. Pea entered Europe in its southeast regions and progressed into its interior via Danube. Its distribution was rapid, since the available evidence reveals its presence in remote places at similar periods. The linguistic evidence supports the fact that pea had been present in nearly all regions of Europe. Most of European peoples have their own words denoting pea, meaning that it preceded the diversification of their own proto-languages.