Razvoj institucije stalnog stručnog nadzora nad osnovnim školama u Srbiji u XIX veku

Abstract

U ovom radu predstavili smo razvoj institucije školskog nadzora nad osnovnim školama u Srbiji u XIX veku. Na osnovu analize normativnog okvira školskog nadzora (školskih zakona, uputstava i propisa), izveštaja školskih nadzornika i beležaka učitelja o karakteru školskog nadzora, nastojali smo da rasvetlimo i objasnimo promene u koncepciji nadzora nad osnovnim školama. Naša analiza je pokazala da je školska revizija u Srbiji započela kao upravni nadzor, koji je bio u funkciji kontrole rada škola i učitelja, a da je devedesetih godina XIX veka preovladao koncept stalnog stručnog nadzora sa naglašeno instruktivnom funkcijom - ovaj nadzor imao je za cilj da unapredi kvalitet nastavnog rada i osposobljenost učitelja. Promene u koncepciji školskog nadzora odslikavaju se i u različitim nazivima ove institucije: najpre su nadzor vršili upravitelji, direktori, inspektori, revizori i staratelji, da bi se krajem XIX veka ustalio izraz školski nadzornici.

In this paper we presented the development of the institution of school supervision in Serbia in the 19th century. Based on the analysis of the normative framework of school supervision (school law, instructions and regulations), reports of school inspectors and teachers' notes on the character of the school supervision, we tried to illuminate and explain changes in the concept of supervision over primary school. Our analysis has shown that school supervision in Serbia started as an administrative inspection which had a function of control of schools and teachers, and that in nineties of the 19th century, prevailed concept of continuous professional supervision with the dominant instructive function - to improve the quality of the teaching and teachers' qualifications. Changes in the concept of school supervision is reflected in the different names of the institution: first, the monitoring was carried out by directors and inspector, then by the guardians and at the end of the century schools' supervisors.