Ideja slobode kod Hegela i Šopenhauera

Abstract

Činjenica da je u istoriji filozofije Šopenhauer poznat kao jedan od najvećih Hegelovih protivnika prirodno sugeriše da su sistemi ova dva filozofa izrazito različiti ili čak suprotstavljeni jedan drugome. Mi ćemo u ovom radu pokušati da pokažemo da to nije slučaj i da ti sistemi imaju značajne strukturalne sličnosti. Sličnosti Hegelovog i Šopenhauerovog filozofskog sistema, koje su često više od analogija, bar delom proizlaze iz njihove gotovo istovetne kritike Kantove filozofije. Pa ipak, među filozofskim idejema ovih mislilaca postoje i neke važne razlike. Jedno od pitanja u pogledu kojih se njihova mišljenja razilaze je i pitanje slobode. Naime, način na koji je Šopenhauer shvatao slobodu dijametralno je suprotan načinu na koji ju je razumeo Hegel. Bez pretenzije da odgovorimo na pitanje koje od ova dva shvatanja slobode je tout court plauzibilnije, u ovom radu ćemo razmotriti koje od njih je više u skladu sa filozofskim sistemom čiji je deo.

The fact that Schopenhauer is known in history of philosophy as one of the fiercest Hegel's opponents naturally suggests that the systems of the two philosophers are sharply distinct or even opposed to one another. In this paper, we will try to show that this is not the case, and that the systems have significant structural similarities. As we will show, the similarities between Hegel's and Schopenhauer's philosophical system, often more than just analogies, at least partly stem from the virtually identical manner they criticize Kant's philosophy. However, there are also some important differences between philosophical ideas of these thinkers. One of the questions regarding which their opinions differ is the question of freedom. The way Schopenhauer understood freedom is diametrally opposed to the way Hegel understood it. Without pretences to answer the question which of these two conceptions of freedom is tout court more plausible, we will consider which of these is more in accordance with the philosophical system it is a part of.