Gastarbajter kao liminalno biće - konceptualizacija kulturnog identiteta

Abstract

Na osnovu terenskim radom sakupljenih životnih priča srpskih gastarbajtera, nastojim da problematizujem i konceptualizujem pitanje njihovog kulturnog identiteta koji karakteriše osećaj liminalnosti, nepripadanja do kraja nijednoj sredini - ni zemlji matici ni zemlji imigracije. Budući da je osnovna opozicija koja određuje status, sistem vrednosti i shvatanja gastarbajtera između tamo i ovde, pristupam konstrukciji kulturne kognitivne šeme i analizi tipičnih retoričkih iskaza koji se, u varijacijama, ponavljaju kao okosnica njihovih kazivanja. Izdvajam i tumačim nekoliko najvažnijih pod-šema kroz koje se prelama životno iskustvo i osećaj identiteta naših gastarbajtera, uočavajući probleme i posledice ovog fenomena, kako u užem smislu po same gastarbajtere, tako i u širem smislu za duštvenu zajednicu kojoj pripadaju u zemlji matici.

Based on life stories of Serbian migrant workers gathered through fieldwork, we shall attempt to problematize the issue of their cultural identity which is characterized by a feeling of liminality - of not fully belonging in either environment - the country of origin nor the host country. Keeping in mind that the opposition that determines the value systems, status and worldview of migrant workers is the opposition between here and there, we will apply analysis to the cognitive cultural shema and the typical rhetorical statements, which, with certain variations, appear again and again in the narratives of migrant workers. These statements form a sort of backbone to their narratives, contributing to the creation of a cultural cognitive scheme of shared experiences among migrant workers. We shall point out and interpret several other key oppositions through which the life experience and sense of identity of our migrant workers is refracted, while noting the problems and consequences of this phenomenon, for the migrant workers themselves as well as, in the wider sense, the community they belong to in their country of origin.