Protopop dvorski i egzarh u srpskoj srednjovekovnoj Crkvi

Abstract

Rad se bavi pitanjem sličnosti dostojanstva protopopa dvorskog i egzarha u srednjovekovnoj srpskoj Crkvi. Posebnu specifičnost predstavljaju protopopovi dvorski koji se u srpskim izvorima pominju jedino u Žičkoj povelji, na samom početku samostalnosti srpske Crkve. Na osnovu ovog izvora, moguće je rekonstruisati njihov položaj, status i dužnosti. Posebno treba istaći da su u srpskoj Crkvi, od samog osnivanja, postojale kao odvojene službe protopopa dvorskog i protopopa namesnika episkopa u većim mestima. U kasnijim izvorima pominju se egzarsi sa gotovo istim dužnostima koje su obavljali protopopovi dvorski. O načinu prikupljanja episkopskih prihoda ima malo podataka, pa je rasvetljavanje ovog dela posla protopopova i egzarha od značaja i za izučavanje crkvenih poreza. Dušanov zakonik reguliše položaj egzarha kao episkopskih izaslanika i propisuje da moraju biti kaluđeri.

The title of palace protopriest within Serbian church has existed since it was first established. First protopriests were appointed by St Sava from among his disciples. The only data on the position and duties of palace protopriests can be found in the Žiča Charter. The basic duty of a palace protopriest is to collect Episcopal revenue and tolls such as 'vrhovina' and 'bir'. Since the rule of king Milutin and Episcopal reorganisation, changes were also made in the organisation of collecting church taxes. At the beginning of 14th Century, the number of laymen working in Serbian church expanded and consequently they were also appointed to the function of exarches. Since they were not able to perform and supervise the work of priests, their function was completely separated from the one of the protopriest. In this period, palace protopriest institution was converted into exarch. Dušan's Code states that monks should be appointed as exarches and gather church taxes. In this way, a continuity related to palace protopriests determined by Žiča Charter was established.