Razlike u stepenu vezanosti za kuću, susedstvo i grad između mladih u Beogradu i Helsinkiju

Abstract

Vezanost za mesto je u poslednje dve decenije predmet mnogih studija. Međutim, nema mnogo kroskulturalnih studija o toj temi. Cilj ovog istraživanja jeste utvrđivanje razlike u stepenu opšte vezanosti za kuću, susedstvo i grad između mladih u Beogradu i Helsinkiju, uz razmatranje socijalne i fizičke dimenzije vezanosti. Ispitan je i uticaj pola na sve tipove vezanosti, kao i uticaj rezidencijalnih varijabli. Podaci su prikupljeni Skalom vezanosti za mesto. Ispitanicima je zadat i upitnik o rezidencijalnim i sociodemografskim karakteristikama uzorka. Instrument je preveden na srpski i finski jezik uz poštovanje procedure prevoda instrumenata za kroskulturalne studije i zadat ispitanicima na njihovom maternjem jeziku. Ispitivanje je sprovedeno putem interneta, na uzorku od dvesta studenata psihologije, od toga 100 stanovnika Beograda i 100 stanovnika Helsinkija, ujednačenih po polu (60% ž, 40% m) i uzrastu (stari u proseku 24,4 godine). Među dobijenim rezultatima može se istaći sledeće: 1) mladi koji žive u Beogradu pokazuju veći stepen opšte vezanosti za svoj grad nego mladi koji žive u Helsinkiju za svoj, 2) Beograđani pokazuju i veću socijalnu vezanost za svoj grad, ali i kuću u odnosu na vršnjake iz Helsinkija, 3) fizička vezanost za kuću i grad takođe je značajno veća kod mladih Beograđana, 4) u srpskom uzorku postoje značajne razlike između muškaraca i žena u stepenu opšte, socijalne i fizičke vezanosti za kuću i fizičke vezanost za grad, dok u finskom uzorku ne postoje razlike u stepenu vezanosti za jedan od tri pomenuta životna mesta.

Place attachment refers to the process of human-place bonding; the bonding process includes both physical and social ties formed within an environment. In the last two decades, place attachment has been the subject of many studies, but there have not been many cross-cultural studies. The aim of this study was to determine differences in global attachment to house, neighbourhood and city among young people in Belgrade and Helsinki, with consideration of social and physical dimensions of place attachment. Additionally, the effects of gender on all types of place attachments were tested. Data were collected using the Place Attachment Scale (Hidalgo & Hernandez, 2001) and the Questionnaire on residential and socio-demographic characteristics of the sample. The instrument was translated into Serbian and Finnish, respecting the translation procedure for cross-cultural studies (Brislin, 1986) and administered to subjects in their native language. The study was conducted on the sample of two hundred students of psychology, comprising: 100 inhabitants of Belgrade, and 100 of Helsinki, balanced by gender (60% female, 40% male) and age (average 24.4 years). The following results can be pointed out: 1) young people living in Belgrade show greater degree of global attachment to their city than young people living in Helsinki to their city, 2) young people from Belgrade also show greater social ties within their city and house, in relation to peers from Helsinki, 3) physical attachment to house and city is also significantly higher in young inhabitants of Belgrade. An interesting finding is 4) the existence of significant differences between men and women in the degree of global, social and physical attachment to house and physical attachment to city in the Serbian sample, and non-existence of differences in place attachment between men and women in the Finnish sample. The findings are interpreted within the Hofstede's five Cultural Dimensions.