Sanjaju li klonovi ljubav? - predstave o klonovima u popularnoj kulturi

Abstract

Fantazije o klonovima, kiborzima i androidima postale su deo mitologije savremenog doba - mitologije biotehnološke ere u kojoj su učestala dostignuća genetskog inženjeringa podstakla strahove od moguće zloupotrebe naučnog znanja i njihovih posledica. U radu se razmatra fenomen reproduktivnog kloniranja ljudskih bića predstavljenog u delima popularne kulture, pre svega u filmskoj produkciji kao jednom od glavnih i najvažnijih izvora konstrukcije i prezentacije ideje o klonovima. Nakon uvodnog razmatranja ovog fenomena u naučnim, etičkim i medijskim debatama koje su prožete neprihvatanjem reproduktivnog kloniranja, pristupilo se analizi različitih upotreba motiva klona u odabranim filmovima. Ispitana je struktura i sadržaj žanrovske formule koja se koristi u filmovima o klonovima a koja je određena kao 'socijalna melodrama', i sprovedena analiza mitskih obrazaca koji se vezuju za temu kloniranja, poput mita o besmrtnosti, mita o blizancima, mita o jedinstvenosti ljudske vrste, i drugo. Na kraju je ispitana priroda i poreklo straha i gađenja od klonova koji se, u svojim različitim oblicima, uglavnom svode na strah od dehumanizacije ljudi i na strah od nerazlikovanja i prekoračenja bioloških, sociokulturnih i metafizičkih granica.

Fantasies about clones, cyborgs and androids have become part and parcel of the mythology of modern times - the mythologies of the biotechnological era in which the achievements of genetic engineering have inflamed fears of possible abuse of scientific knowledge and the consequences of such abuse. The paper considers the phenomenon of reproductive cloning of human beings as it is represented in popular culture, especially film as it is one of the most important sources of representations and constructions of ideas about clones. After the introductory consideration of this phenomenon in scientific, ethical and media debates which are imbued with rejection of reproductive cloning, I have analyzed the different uses of the clone motif in selected movies. I have examined the structure and content of the genre formula of 'social melodrama' which is present in films about clones, and have analyzed the mythical patterns pertaining to the topic of cloning, such as the myth of immortality, the myth of twins, the myth of the uniqueness of human kind etc. Ultimately, the nature and origins of the fear of clones and disgust that clones cause have been examined, and it has been shown that they mostly boil down to the fear of the dehumanization of human beings, the fear of the loss of difference and the transgression of biological, sociocultural and metaphysical boundaries.