Stres i psihička trauma na radnom mestu i pravo za nadoknadu nematerijalne štete

Abstract

Mnoge zemlje nastoje da putem zakona i drugih propisa povećaju bezbednost i zaštite zdravlje zaposlenih, ali u tome još uvek u potpunosti ne uspevaju, naročito kada je u pitanju mentalno zdravlje na radnom mestu. U ovom radu se analizira problem stresa i psihičke traume u radnom okruženju kod nas, pri čemu se posebna pažnja obraća na zakonsku regulativu i probleme nadoknade nematerijalne štete u sudskom postupku. Na osnovu praktičnog iskustva i analize zakonskih rešenja u našoj zemlji, postavljaju se pitanja da li se traumatska stresna reakcija, koja se dogodila na poslu, može tretirati kao povreda na radu i da li se posledice hroničnog stresa i psihičke traume, nastale na radnom mestu, mogu uklopiti u pojam bolesti u vezi sa radom. Shodno savremenim saznanjima o traumatskom stresu, ima osnova da se ekstremni stres i psihička trauma na radnom mestu posmatraju kao nematerijalna šteta, koju treba kompenzovati saglasno opštim pravilima odštetnog prava.

Many countries today are making efforts through legal measures, security enhancements and health protection to improve living and working conditions and to neutralise especially growing risks of mental health impairment in the workplace. In this paper, we are focused on the problem of traumatic stress in the working environment, giving special attention to the legislation and problems of compensation of non-material damage in court. Based on practical experience and analysis of legal provisions in our country, the questions whether the traumatic stress reaction, which occurred at work can be treated as an injury in the workplace and whether the effects of chronic stress and psychological trauma in the workplace, can fit into the concept of 'work-related illnesses' are raised. According to recent findings about traumatic stress, there is a reasonable basis for the belief that extreme stress and psychological trauma in the workplace could be considered as non-material damage, which should be compensated in accordance with the basic regulations of the Law of Compensation.