Razlike u estetskim preferencijama kod dece tri uzrasta

Abstract

Ispitivane su razlike u estetskoj preferenciji kod dece tri uzrasne grupe (5 g., 10 g. i 16 g.) Stimulusi s bili crno beli crteži kojima su predstavljeni različiti sadržaji. Svaki od tih sadržaja je imao tri varijante: harmonijsku, tj. simetričnu (H), redundantnu, tj. kitnjastu (R) i distantnu, tj. umetničku (D) Deci su uvek izlagane po dve varijante istog sadržaja, a zadatak je bio izbor lepše varijante. Raniji nalazi Ognjenovića pokazuju da se estetska odluka može odnositi na različitim nivoima kognitivne obrade: površinski nivo preferira H kriterijum, R kriterijum dominira na srednjem nivou, dok D kriterijum karakteriše opredeljenje na najdubljem nivou obrade. Na osnovu toga je pretpostavljeno da se svaki kognitivni nivo formira u određenim stadijumima kognitivnog razvoja pri čemu je H nivo najstariji, a D najmlađi. Rezultati ispitivanja većim delom potvrđuju ovu pretpostavku. Deca najstarijeg uzrasta pokazuju preferenciju za D sadržaje, deca srednjeg uzrasta najčešće biraju sadržaje R, ali najmlađa deca ne pokazuju dobru izdifrenciranost ukusa.

The authors examined differences in aesthetic preferences in children of three age groups (5, 10 and 16 years) The stimuli were drawings in black and white, representing different themes. Each of these themes had three variants: a harmonious, i.e. a symmetrical variant (H), a redundant, i.e. an ornate variant (R) and a distant, i.e. an art variant (D) The children were shown two variants of the same theme at a time and were asked to choose the prettier one. The former findings by Prof. Ognjenović show that an aesthetic decision can be made at different levels of cognitive processing: the surface level prefers the H criterion, the R criterion prevails at the medium level, whereas the D criterion is typical of decisions made at the highest level of processing. Hence the assumption has been made that each cognitive level is formed at a given stage of cognitive development, H being the oldest and D the youngest level. This assumption has been confirmed for the most part by our research. Children of the oldest age group prefer D themes, R themes are usually chosen by children of the medium age group, while the youngest children do not differentiate very well among the variants.