Epidemiološko istraživanje nasilja nad decom u porodici u Srbiji

Abstract

U radu su predstavljeni rezultati epidemiološkog istraživanja sprovedenog 2010- 2011 godine u okviru regionalnog projekta Balkansko epidemiološko istraživanje o zlostavljanju i zanemarivanju dece (Balkan Epidemiological Study on Child Abuse and Neglect - BECAN). Cilj istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi prevalenca fizičkog, psihološkog i seksualnog nasilja nad decom i osećaja zanemarenosti kod dece u porodici. Analizirane su polne i uzrasne razlike u prevalenci nasilja, kao i razlike s obzirom na geografski region i urbanicitet naselja u kojem deca žive. Stratifikovani klasterski uzorak činilo je 4027 dece koja pohađaju peti i sedmi razred osnovne škole, kao i dece koja pohađaju drugi razred srednje škole. Podaci su prikupljeni adaptiranom verzijom upitnika ISPCAN za skrining zlostavljanja dece (ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool - Chidren Version - ICAST-C). O barem jednom iskustvu psihološkog nasilja tokom dosadašnjeg života izveštava 68,4% ispitane dece, a o barem jednom iskustvu fizičkog nasilja njih 69,2%. Osećaj zanemarenosti bio je prisutan barem jednom tokom dosadašnjeg života kod 28,8% ispitane dece, o bar jednom iskustvu seksualnog nasilja izveštava 8,5% dece, dok njih 3,7% izveštava o iskustvu kontaktnog seksualnog nasilja koja su imala tokom poslednjih godinu dana. Rezultati ukazuju na to da su devojčice više izložene psihološkom nasilju od dečaka. Takođe, devojčice češće nego dečaci izveštavaju o osećaju zanemarenosti. S druge strane, dečaci češće od devojčica izveštavaju o izloženosti seksualnom nasilju. Procenjena stopa težih oblika fizičkog, psihološkog i seksualnog nasilja kreće se od 0.5 do 1%.

In the paper the results of an epidemiological study conducted in 2010-2011 as a part of the regional project Balkan Epidemiological Study on Child Abuse and Neglect (BECAN) are presented. The goal of the research was to estimate the prevalence of physical, psychological and sexual violence against children in the family as well as prevalence of feeling of neglect in children. Gender and age differences in the prevalence of violence, as well as differences with respect to geographic region and urbanicity of place of the children's' residence were also examined. The stratified cluster sample consisted of 4027 children attending the fifth and seventh grades of the primary school and the second grade of the high school. Data was collected by an adapted version of the questionnaire ICAST-C (ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool-Chidren Version - ICAST-C). At least one experience of psychological violence in the lifetime was reported by 68,4% of children, whereas at least one experience of physical violence was reported by 69,2% of children. Feeling of neglect was experienced by 28.8% of children at least once in their lifetime. At least one experience of sexual violence was reported by 8.5% children, whereas 3,7% of them reported the experience of contact sexual violence in the past year. The results indicate that girls are more exposed to psychological violence and report more feeling of neglect. Conversely, boys report more exposure to sexual violence. The rate of severe forms of physical, psychological and sexual violence is about 0.5 to 1%.