Procesualnost porodične transformacije i refleksivnost aktera - dijadna perspektiva

Abstract

Rad je proizašao iz interpretacije drugog dela rezultata zasnovane teorije na intervjuima i posmatranjima 30 parova (60 muškaraca i žena) iz Beograda, u okviru istraživanja na temi Politike roditeljstva, iz 2013/14, pri Institutu za sociološka istraživanja Filozofskog fakulteta u Beogradu. Primenjeni metododološki individualizam i u ovom radu imao je za cilj da opiše specifičnost i različitost toka promena u kritičkoj tački prelaza (nakon rođenja deteta). Da bi se on postigao, obe autorke su nezavisno proučile celokupnu iskustvenu evidenciju, a onda su konsenzualno izabrale tri para. Izdvojeni parovi su specifični zbog različitog i naročitog odnosa: prema socijalnom stresu (porodičnoj krizi koja prati bračno porodičnu transformaciju), zatim prema vrednosnim i ponašajnim modelima porodica porekla i najzad, po načinima adaptacije i konsolidacije nove grupe. Dodeljena su im simbolička imena koja koncizno, doduše provizorno, opisuju njihove dominantne bihejvioralne modele: 'inteligencija', 'stratezi' i 'defetisti'. Kod sva tri para poklapaju se objektivna sociološka merila i njihove subjektivne definicije životne situacije, tako da oni pripadaju srednjem ili nižem srednjem sloju. U cilju interpretacije rezultata kontruisale smo jedinice analize - semantičke šeme (nodove) i njihove uže poddimenzije (kodove), koje smo popunjavale konketnim definicijama sitaucije parova. Interpretacija svakog pojedinačnog para prati i komparativna analiza sličnosti i razlika u njihovim osećanjima, delanjima i akcionom potencijalu. Osnovna ideja nam je i ovde bila da pokažemo u kojoj meri parovi kritički preispituju sebe, svoje životne zajednice, kakav je njihov odnos prema sadašnjosti i budućnosti, da li postavljaju jasne ciljeve u smislu napredovanja i kakve su im strategije delovanja. Cilj nam je bio da procenimo u kojoj meri parovi uspevaju da uspostave kontrolu nad sobom i socijalnim okruženjem, da li ponavljaju ili prave otklon u odnosu na porodicu porekla i kakvo je subjektivno značenje u slučaju raskida sa prošlošću. Smatrale smo da time partneri pokazuju i svoje lične i grupne kapacitete za promenom, odgovornom i aktivnom socijalnom participacijom, u stalno menjajućem okruženju.

This paper discloses second part of the interpretation of the findings of grounded theory of 30 couples from Belgrade (60 women and men), carried out under the auspices of the Institute for sociological research, Faculty of Philosophy, as a part of a field work on the theme 'Policies of parenthood' from 2013/2014. Applied methodological individualism hereafter as well as in the previous paper aimed at description of various and specific social change occurring at a critical, turning point of family life (birth of a child). Both authors have undergone scrupulous and independent analysis of the entire empirical evidence gathered from 60 interviewees in order to come to a consensus as to the selection of three couples. They are selected because of their particular coping with social stress (family crisis due to an arrival of a newcomer), then value profiles and behavioral modes inherited from families of origin and finally, based on their divergent ways of adaptation and consolidation as a family group. They were assigned names, which serve to concisely outline dominant action types: 'conformists', 'strategists' and 'defeatists'. In all three cases both objective features and subjective definitions of situations are overlapping: they all belong to middle (or lower middle) social strata. In order to lay foundation for interpreting of the results we have constructed units of analysis - semantic schemes (nodes) and their subordinated sub-dimensions (codes). In the course of the analysis they were filled in with the concrete definitions of life situations of couples. Interpreting of each and every selected couple is followed by comparative insights into the similarities and divergences among them as to the sentiments, actions and potentials. Alike in our previous paper main idea here was also to demonstrate to which extent couples critically examine themselves, their partnerships, how do they perceive themselves today as well as in a future, do they have clear goals in terms of individual and social advancing and which strategies do they intend to put in place. The aim was also to get to understand whether couples succeed in establishing a control over their social biographies and social environment, do they replicate or make shifts when it comes to previous family models of their parents and what meanings do they attach in case of their break with these prior practices. Out guiding idea was that this might be a way by which partners disclose their personal and group capacities for change, active and responsible participation in ever changing social setting.