Although large international studies have found consistent patterns of sex differences in personality traits among adults (i.e., women scoring higher on most facets), less is known about cross-cultural sex differences in adolescent personality and the role of culture and age in shaping them. The present study examines the NEO Personality Inventory-3 (McCrae, Costa, & Martin, 2005) informant ratings of adolescents from 23 cultures (N = 4,850), and investigates culture and age as sources of variability in sex differences of adolescents' personality. The effect for Neuroticism (with females scoring higher than males) begins to take on its adult form around age 14. Girls score higher on Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness at all ages between 12 and 17 years. A more complex pattern emerges for Extraversion and Agreeableness, although by age 17, sex differences for these traits are highly similar to those observed in adulthood. Cross-sectional data suggest that (a) with advancing ag...e, sex differences found in adolescents increasingly converge toward adult patterns with respect to both direction and magnitude; (b) girls display sex-typed personality traits at an earlier age than boys; and (c) the emergence of sex differences was similar across cultures. Practical implications of the present findings are discussed.
Keywords:
sex differences / personality / cross-cultural / adolescence
Source:
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2015, 108, 1, 171-185
Publisher:
Amer Psychological Assoc, Washington
Funding / projects:
Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging [ZIA AG000180-25, ZIA AG000180-26, ZIA AG000183-22]
TY - JOUR
AU - De Bolle, Marleen
AU - De Fruyt, Filip
AU - McCrae, Robert R.
AU - Loeckenhoff, Corinna E.
AU - Costa, Paul T., Jr.
AU - Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E.
AU - Ahn, Chang-Kyu
AU - Ahn, Hyun-nie
AU - Alcalay, Lidia
AU - Allik, Jueri
AU - Avdeyeva, Tatyana V.
AU - Bratko, Denis
AU - Brunner-Sciarra, Marina
AU - Cain, Thomas R.
AU - Chan, Wayne
AU - Chittcharat, Niyada
AU - Crawford, Jarret T.
AU - Fehr, Ryan
AU - Fickova, Emilia
AU - Gelfand, Michele J.
AU - Graf, Sylvie
AU - Gulgoz, Sami
AU - Hrebickova, Martina
AU - Jussim, Lee
AU - Klinkosz, Waldemar
AU - Knežević, Goran
AU - Leibovich de Figueroa, Nora
AU - Lima, Margarida P.
AU - Martin, Thomas A.
AU - Marušić, Iris
AU - Mastor, Khairul Anwar
AU - Nakazato, Katsuharu
AU - Nansubuga, Florence
AU - Porrata, Jose
AU - Purić, Danka
AU - Realo, Anu
AU - Reategui, Norma
AU - Rolland, Jean-Pierre
AU - Schmidt, Vanina
AU - Sekowski, Andrzej
AU - Shakespeare-Finch, Jane
AU - Shimonaka, Yoshiko
AU - Simonetti, Franco
AU - Siuta, Jerzy
AU - Szmigielska, Barbara
AU - Vanno, Vitanya
AU - Wang, Lei
AU - Yik, Michelle
AU - Terracciano, Antonio
PY - 2015
UR - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1928
AB - Although large international studies have found consistent patterns of sex differences in personality traits among adults (i.e., women scoring higher on most facets), less is known about cross-cultural sex differences in adolescent personality and the role of culture and age in shaping them. The present study examines the NEO Personality Inventory-3 (McCrae, Costa, & Martin, 2005) informant ratings of adolescents from 23 cultures (N = 4,850), and investigates culture and age as sources of variability in sex differences of adolescents' personality. The effect for Neuroticism (with females scoring higher than males) begins to take on its adult form around age 14. Girls score higher on Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness at all ages between 12 and 17 years. A more complex pattern emerges for Extraversion and Agreeableness, although by age 17, sex differences for these traits are highly similar to those observed in adulthood. Cross-sectional data suggest that (a) with advancing age, sex differences found in adolescents increasingly converge toward adult patterns with respect to both direction and magnitude; (b) girls display sex-typed personality traits at an earlier age than boys; and (c) the emergence of sex differences was similar across cultures. Practical implications of the present findings are discussed.
PB - Amer Psychological Assoc, Washington
T2 - Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
T1 - The Emergence of Sex Differences in Personality Traits in Early Adolescence: A Cross-Sectional, Cross-Cultural Study
EP - 185
IS - 1
SP - 171
VL - 108
DO - 10.1037/a0038497
ER -
@article{
author = "De Bolle, Marleen and De Fruyt, Filip and McCrae, Robert R. and Loeckenhoff, Corinna E. and Costa, Paul T., Jr. and Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E. and Ahn, Chang-Kyu and Ahn, Hyun-nie and Alcalay, Lidia and Allik, Jueri and Avdeyeva, Tatyana V. and Bratko, Denis and Brunner-Sciarra, Marina and Cain, Thomas R. and Chan, Wayne and Chittcharat, Niyada and Crawford, Jarret T. and Fehr, Ryan and Fickova, Emilia and Gelfand, Michele J. and Graf, Sylvie and Gulgoz, Sami and Hrebickova, Martina and Jussim, Lee and Klinkosz, Waldemar and Knežević, Goran and Leibovich de Figueroa, Nora and Lima, Margarida P. and Martin, Thomas A. and Marušić, Iris and Mastor, Khairul Anwar and Nakazato, Katsuharu and Nansubuga, Florence and Porrata, Jose and Purić, Danka and Realo, Anu and Reategui, Norma and Rolland, Jean-Pierre and Schmidt, Vanina and Sekowski, Andrzej and Shakespeare-Finch, Jane and Shimonaka, Yoshiko and Simonetti, Franco and Siuta, Jerzy and Szmigielska, Barbara and Vanno, Vitanya and Wang, Lei and Yik, Michelle and Terracciano, Antonio",
year = "2015",
abstract = "Although large international studies have found consistent patterns of sex differences in personality traits among adults (i.e., women scoring higher on most facets), less is known about cross-cultural sex differences in adolescent personality and the role of culture and age in shaping them. The present study examines the NEO Personality Inventory-3 (McCrae, Costa, & Martin, 2005) informant ratings of adolescents from 23 cultures (N = 4,850), and investigates culture and age as sources of variability in sex differences of adolescents' personality. The effect for Neuroticism (with females scoring higher than males) begins to take on its adult form around age 14. Girls score higher on Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness at all ages between 12 and 17 years. A more complex pattern emerges for Extraversion and Agreeableness, although by age 17, sex differences for these traits are highly similar to those observed in adulthood. Cross-sectional data suggest that (a) with advancing age, sex differences found in adolescents increasingly converge toward adult patterns with respect to both direction and magnitude; (b) girls display sex-typed personality traits at an earlier age than boys; and (c) the emergence of sex differences was similar across cultures. Practical implications of the present findings are discussed.",
publisher = "Amer Psychological Assoc, Washington",
journal = "Journal of Personality and Social Psychology",
title = "The Emergence of Sex Differences in Personality Traits in Early Adolescence: A Cross-Sectional, Cross-Cultural Study",
pages = "185-171",
number = "1",
volume = "108",
doi = "10.1037/a0038497"
}
De Bolle, M., De Fruyt, F., McCrae, R. R., Loeckenhoff, C. E., Costa, P. T., Jr., Aguilar-Vafaie, M. E., Ahn, C., Ahn, H., Alcalay, L., Allik, J., Avdeyeva, T. V., Bratko, D., Brunner-Sciarra, M., Cain, T. R., Chan, W., Chittcharat, N., Crawford, J. T., Fehr, R., Fickova, E., Gelfand, M. J., Graf, S., Gulgoz, S., Hrebickova, M., Jussim, L., Klinkosz, W., Knežević, G., Leibovich de Figueroa, N., Lima, M. P., Martin, T. A., Marušić, I., Mastor, K. A., Nakazato, K., Nansubuga, F., Porrata, J., Purić, D., Realo, A., Reategui, N., Rolland, J., Schmidt, V., Sekowski, A., Shakespeare-Finch, J., Shimonaka, Y., Simonetti, F., Siuta, J., Szmigielska, B., Vanno, V., Wang, L., Yik, M.,& Terracciano, A.. (2015). The Emergence of Sex Differences in Personality Traits in Early Adolescence: A Cross-Sectional, Cross-Cultural Study. in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Amer Psychological Assoc, Washington., 108(1), 171-185.
https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038497
De Bolle M, De Fruyt F, McCrae RR, Loeckenhoff CE, Costa PTJ, Aguilar-Vafaie ME, Ahn C, Ahn H, Alcalay L, Allik J, Avdeyeva TV, Bratko D, Brunner-Sciarra M, Cain TR, Chan W, Chittcharat N, Crawford JT, Fehr R, Fickova E, Gelfand MJ, Graf S, Gulgoz S, Hrebickova M, Jussim L, Klinkosz W, Knežević G, Leibovich de Figueroa N, Lima MP, Martin TA, Marušić I, Mastor KA, Nakazato K, Nansubuga F, Porrata J, Purić D, Realo A, Reategui N, Rolland J, Schmidt V, Sekowski A, Shakespeare-Finch J, Shimonaka Y, Simonetti F, Siuta J, Szmigielska B, Vanno V, Wang L, Yik M, Terracciano A. The Emergence of Sex Differences in Personality Traits in Early Adolescence: A Cross-Sectional, Cross-Cultural Study. in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2015;108(1):171-185.
doi:10.1037/a0038497 .
De Bolle, Marleen, De Fruyt, Filip, McCrae, Robert R., Loeckenhoff, Corinna E., Costa, Paul T., Jr., Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E., Ahn, Chang-Kyu, Ahn, Hyun-nie, Alcalay, Lidia, Allik, Jueri, Avdeyeva, Tatyana V., Bratko, Denis, Brunner-Sciarra, Marina, Cain, Thomas R., Chan, Wayne, Chittcharat, Niyada, Crawford, Jarret T., Fehr, Ryan, Fickova, Emilia, Gelfand, Michele J., Graf, Sylvie, Gulgoz, Sami, Hrebickova, Martina, Jussim, Lee, Klinkosz, Waldemar, Knežević, Goran, Leibovich de Figueroa, Nora, Lima, Margarida P., Martin, Thomas A., Marušić, Iris, Mastor, Khairul Anwar, Nakazato, Katsuharu, Nansubuga, Florence, Porrata, Jose, Purić, Danka, Realo, Anu, Reategui, Norma, Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Schmidt, Vanina, Sekowski, Andrzej, Shakespeare-Finch, Jane, Shimonaka, Yoshiko, Simonetti, Franco, Siuta, Jerzy, Szmigielska, Barbara, Vanno, Vitanya, Wang, Lei, Yik, Michelle, Terracciano, Antonio, "The Emergence of Sex Differences in Personality Traits in Early Adolescence: A Cross-Sectional, Cross-Cultural Study" in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108, no. 1 (2015):171-185,
https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038497 . .
