Posttraumatic and depressive symptoms in beta-endorphin dynamics
Abstract
A disturbed beta-endorphin system can be a part of the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression allostasis. Study subjects (N=392) included those with PTSD and/or (stress-induced) depression, and healthy controls with and without traumas. The aim of the study was to examine the network of relations centered around plasma beta-endorphin. The network included anxiety (as a personality trait), traumatic events, pain, aggressiveness, depressive symptoms, and three clusters of PTSD symptoms: intrusions, avoidance, and hyperarousal. Beta-endorphin was represented by individual mean from 13 time points (BEmean), reflecting the total amount of the peripherally secreted hormone, and the coefficient of variation (BEvar), calculated as the ratio of standard deviation to the mean, reflecting the hormone's dynamics. BEvar correlated with all other variables, BEmean had no correlations. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine all interrelations (including their directions)... of BEvar and the state/trait variables in the context of their entirety. The model revealed that hyperarousal and anxiety were the only direct agents of peripheral beta-endorphin fluctuations, mediating the effects of other variables. Traumatic events and intrusions act on BEvar via hyperarousal, while depressive symptoms, avoidance, and pain act via anxiety. Hyperarousal should be emphasized as the main agent not only because its effect on BEvar is larger than that of anxiety, but also because it increases anxiety itself (via avoidance and pain). All influences on BEvar are positive and they indicate long-term (sensitizing) effects (as opposed to direct stimulation, for example, by acute pain, anger, etc.). Relations apart from beta-endorphin are also discussed.
Keywords:
Structural equation modeling / PTSD / Hyperarousal / Depression / Beta-endorphin / AnxietySource:
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2015, 181, 61-66Publisher:
- Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam
Funding / projects:
- European Commission, via Sixth Framework Programme [INCO-CT-2004-509213]
- Identification, measurement and development of the cognitive and emotional competences important for a Europe-oriented society (RS-179018)
- Role of steroid hormones in neuroendocrine adaptation to stress and pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome - molecular mechanisms and clinical implications (RS-41009)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.063
ISSN: 0165-0327
PubMed: 25917294
WoS: 000354777100008
Scopus: 2-s2.0-84928410613
Institution/Community
Psihologija / PsychologyTY - JOUR AU - Savić, Danka AU - Knežević, Goran AU - Matić, Gordana AU - Damjanović, Svetozar AU - Spirić, Željko PY - 2015 UR - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1961 AB - A disturbed beta-endorphin system can be a part of the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression allostasis. Study subjects (N=392) included those with PTSD and/or (stress-induced) depression, and healthy controls with and without traumas. The aim of the study was to examine the network of relations centered around plasma beta-endorphin. The network included anxiety (as a personality trait), traumatic events, pain, aggressiveness, depressive symptoms, and three clusters of PTSD symptoms: intrusions, avoidance, and hyperarousal. Beta-endorphin was represented by individual mean from 13 time points (BEmean), reflecting the total amount of the peripherally secreted hormone, and the coefficient of variation (BEvar), calculated as the ratio of standard deviation to the mean, reflecting the hormone's dynamics. BEvar correlated with all other variables, BEmean had no correlations. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine all interrelations (including their directions) of BEvar and the state/trait variables in the context of their entirety. The model revealed that hyperarousal and anxiety were the only direct agents of peripheral beta-endorphin fluctuations, mediating the effects of other variables. Traumatic events and intrusions act on BEvar via hyperarousal, while depressive symptoms, avoidance, and pain act via anxiety. Hyperarousal should be emphasized as the main agent not only because its effect on BEvar is larger than that of anxiety, but also because it increases anxiety itself (via avoidance and pain). All influences on BEvar are positive and they indicate long-term (sensitizing) effects (as opposed to direct stimulation, for example, by acute pain, anger, etc.). Relations apart from beta-endorphin are also discussed. PB - Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam T2 - Journal of Affective Disorders T1 - Posttraumatic and depressive symptoms in beta-endorphin dynamics EP - 66 SP - 61 VL - 181 DO - 10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.063 ER -
@article{ author = "Savić, Danka and Knežević, Goran and Matić, Gordana and Damjanović, Svetozar and Spirić, Željko", year = "2015", abstract = "A disturbed beta-endorphin system can be a part of the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression allostasis. Study subjects (N=392) included those with PTSD and/or (stress-induced) depression, and healthy controls with and without traumas. The aim of the study was to examine the network of relations centered around plasma beta-endorphin. The network included anxiety (as a personality trait), traumatic events, pain, aggressiveness, depressive symptoms, and three clusters of PTSD symptoms: intrusions, avoidance, and hyperarousal. Beta-endorphin was represented by individual mean from 13 time points (BEmean), reflecting the total amount of the peripherally secreted hormone, and the coefficient of variation (BEvar), calculated as the ratio of standard deviation to the mean, reflecting the hormone's dynamics. BEvar correlated with all other variables, BEmean had no correlations. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine all interrelations (including their directions) of BEvar and the state/trait variables in the context of their entirety. The model revealed that hyperarousal and anxiety were the only direct agents of peripheral beta-endorphin fluctuations, mediating the effects of other variables. Traumatic events and intrusions act on BEvar via hyperarousal, while depressive symptoms, avoidance, and pain act via anxiety. Hyperarousal should be emphasized as the main agent not only because its effect on BEvar is larger than that of anxiety, but also because it increases anxiety itself (via avoidance and pain). All influences on BEvar are positive and they indicate long-term (sensitizing) effects (as opposed to direct stimulation, for example, by acute pain, anger, etc.). Relations apart from beta-endorphin are also discussed.", publisher = "Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam", journal = "Journal of Affective Disorders", title = "Posttraumatic and depressive symptoms in beta-endorphin dynamics", pages = "66-61", volume = "181", doi = "10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.063" }
Savić, D., Knežević, G., Matić, G., Damjanović, S.,& Spirić, Ž.. (2015). Posttraumatic and depressive symptoms in beta-endorphin dynamics. in Journal of Affective Disorders Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam., 181, 61-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.063
Savić D, Knežević G, Matić G, Damjanović S, Spirić Ž. Posttraumatic and depressive symptoms in beta-endorphin dynamics. in Journal of Affective Disorders. 2015;181:61-66. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.063 .
Savić, Danka, Knežević, Goran, Matić, Gordana, Damjanović, Svetozar, Spirić, Željko, "Posttraumatic and depressive symptoms in beta-endorphin dynamics" in Journal of Affective Disorders, 181 (2015):61-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.063 . .