Individual differences in cognitive biases: Evidence against one-factor theory of rationality
Апстракт
In this paper we seek to gain an improved understanding of the structure of cognitive biases and their relationship with measures of intelligence and relevant non-cognitive constructs. We report on the outcomes of a study based on a heterogeneous set of seven cognitive biases - anchoring effect, belief bias, overconfidence bias, hindsight bias, base rate neglect, outcome bias and sunk cost effect. New scales for the assessment of these biases were administered to 243 undergraduate students along with measures of fluid (Gf) and crystallized (Gc) intelligence, a Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT), Openness/Intellect (O/I) scale and Need for Cognition (NFC) scale. The expected experimental results were confirmed - i.e., each normatively irrelevant variable significantly influenced participants' responses. Also, with the exception of hindsight bias, all cognitive biases showed satisfactory reliability estimates (alpha s gt .70). However, correlations among the cognitive bias measures were l...ow (rs lt .20). Although exploratory factor analysis produced two factors, their robustness was doubtful. Cognitive bias measures were also relatively independent (rs lt .25) from the Gf, Gc, CRT, O/I and NFC and they define separate latent factors. This pattern of results suggests that a major part of the reliable variance of cognitive bias tasks is unique, and implies that a one-factor model of rational behavior is not plausible.
Кључне речи:
Rationality / Judgment and decision making / Intelligence / Factor analysis / Cognitive biasesИзвор:
Intelligence, 2015, 50, 75-86Издавач:
- Elsevier Science Inc, New York
Финансирање / пројекти:
- Идентификација, мерење и развој когнитивних и емоционалних компетенција важних друштву оријентисаном на европске интеграције (RS-MESTD-Basic Research (BR or ON)-179018)
DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2015.02.008
ISSN: 0160-2896
WoS: 000356766800008
Scopus: 2-s2.0-84924340166
Институција/група
Psihologija / PsychologyTY - JOUR AU - Teovanović, Predrag AU - Knežević, Goran AU - Stankov, Lazar PY - 2015 UR - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1986 AB - In this paper we seek to gain an improved understanding of the structure of cognitive biases and their relationship with measures of intelligence and relevant non-cognitive constructs. We report on the outcomes of a study based on a heterogeneous set of seven cognitive biases - anchoring effect, belief bias, overconfidence bias, hindsight bias, base rate neglect, outcome bias and sunk cost effect. New scales for the assessment of these biases were administered to 243 undergraduate students along with measures of fluid (Gf) and crystallized (Gc) intelligence, a Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT), Openness/Intellect (O/I) scale and Need for Cognition (NFC) scale. The expected experimental results were confirmed - i.e., each normatively irrelevant variable significantly influenced participants' responses. Also, with the exception of hindsight bias, all cognitive biases showed satisfactory reliability estimates (alpha s gt .70). However, correlations among the cognitive bias measures were low (rs lt .20). Although exploratory factor analysis produced two factors, their robustness was doubtful. Cognitive bias measures were also relatively independent (rs lt .25) from the Gf, Gc, CRT, O/I and NFC and they define separate latent factors. This pattern of results suggests that a major part of the reliable variance of cognitive bias tasks is unique, and implies that a one-factor model of rational behavior is not plausible. PB - Elsevier Science Inc, New York T2 - Intelligence T1 - Individual differences in cognitive biases: Evidence against one-factor theory of rationality EP - 86 SP - 75 VL - 50 DO - 10.1016/j.intell.2015.02.008 ER -
@article{ author = "Teovanović, Predrag and Knežević, Goran and Stankov, Lazar", year = "2015", abstract = "In this paper we seek to gain an improved understanding of the structure of cognitive biases and their relationship with measures of intelligence and relevant non-cognitive constructs. We report on the outcomes of a study based on a heterogeneous set of seven cognitive biases - anchoring effect, belief bias, overconfidence bias, hindsight bias, base rate neglect, outcome bias and sunk cost effect. New scales for the assessment of these biases were administered to 243 undergraduate students along with measures of fluid (Gf) and crystallized (Gc) intelligence, a Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT), Openness/Intellect (O/I) scale and Need for Cognition (NFC) scale. The expected experimental results were confirmed - i.e., each normatively irrelevant variable significantly influenced participants' responses. Also, with the exception of hindsight bias, all cognitive biases showed satisfactory reliability estimates (alpha s gt .70). However, correlations among the cognitive bias measures were low (rs lt .20). Although exploratory factor analysis produced two factors, their robustness was doubtful. Cognitive bias measures were also relatively independent (rs lt .25) from the Gf, Gc, CRT, O/I and NFC and they define separate latent factors. This pattern of results suggests that a major part of the reliable variance of cognitive bias tasks is unique, and implies that a one-factor model of rational behavior is not plausible.", publisher = "Elsevier Science Inc, New York", journal = "Intelligence", title = "Individual differences in cognitive biases: Evidence against one-factor theory of rationality", pages = "86-75", volume = "50", doi = "10.1016/j.intell.2015.02.008" }
Teovanović, P., Knežević, G.,& Stankov, L.. (2015). Individual differences in cognitive biases: Evidence against one-factor theory of rationality. in Intelligence Elsevier Science Inc, New York., 50, 75-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2015.02.008
Teovanović P, Knežević G, Stankov L. Individual differences in cognitive biases: Evidence against one-factor theory of rationality. in Intelligence. 2015;50:75-86. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2015.02.008 .
Teovanović, Predrag, Knežević, Goran, Stankov, Lazar, "Individual differences in cognitive biases: Evidence against one-factor theory of rationality" in Intelligence, 50 (2015):75-86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2015.02.008 . .