Andrić i austrijska filozofija

Abstract

Filozofija je zauzimala značajno mesto u akademskom obrazovanju Ive Andrića. U Beču, 1913. godine Andriću su na osnovnim studijama filozofske predme-te predavali Vilhelm Jerusalem, Jozef Krajbig i Oskar Evald, dok je na doktorskim studijama u Gracu 1924. godine Andrić položio ispit iz filozofije kod Huga Špicera, jednog od retkih neokantovaca u tadašnjoj Austriji. Austrijska filozofija (sintagma koja se proteže i na austrougarske filozofe koji su stvarali izvan teritorije današnje Austrije) zanimljiv je fenomen između ostalog i zato što je Austrija relativno mlada filozofska nacija, koja je za nešto manje od jednog veka (od 1840-ih do 1930-ih) izne-drila mnogo značajnih filozofa, od kojih su neki bili i poznati naučnici. Postoje razli-čiti pokušaji da se pronađu zajednička obeležja austrijske filozofije, a prema Nojrat-Halerovoj tezi, glavna njena obeležja jesu pridavanje značaja psihologiji, jezičkoj analizi, nauci (naučnom pogledu na svet) i empirizmu koji podrazumeva odbacivanje spekulativne metafizike. Zanimljivo je i to da iako su pisali na istom jeziku, mnogi austrijski filozofi su u svojim radovima hteli da se distanciraju od klasičnog nemačkog idealizma (često i Kantovog transcendentalnog idealizma) kako po formi (stilu pisa-nja), tako i po sadržaju (idejama koje su branili). U radu se ispituje u kojoj meri je filozofsko obrazovanje u Beču i Gracu imalo uticaja na Andrićevu misao i pokazuje se, na mnogim primerima, da ona sadrži elemente karakteristične za gorenavedena obeležja austrijske filozofije.

Philosophy occupied an important place in Ivo Andrić's higher education. In Vienna 1913, Andrić took undergraduate courses in philosophy that were taught by Wilhelm Jerusalem, Oscar Ewald and Josef Clemens Kreibig, while on his PhD studies he passed the exam in philosophy with Hugo Spitzer, one of the rare NEO-Kantians in Austria-Hungary at that time. Austrian philosophy (this phrase covers Austro-Hungarian philosophers who worked outside the boundaries of our-day Austria) is an interesting phenomenon because, among other things, Austria is relatively young philosophical nation that gave, within less than one century (from 1840s to 1930s), many famous philosophers of whom some were also famous scientists. There are some attempts of finding out what all Austrian philosophers have in common, and, according to the so-called the Neurath-Haller thesis, the hallmark of Austrian philosophy is accepting the scientific world-view, using language analysis in addressing philosophical issues, appraising psychology and endorsing empiricism that presupposes rejecting speculative metaphysics. It is worth stressing that although they wrote in the same language, many prominent Austrian philosophers explicitly wanted to distance themselves from classical German idealism (and very often from Kantian transcendental idealism) both with regards to form (the style of writing) and content (the ideas they defended). The author examines to what extent the philosophical education gained in Vienna and Graz influenced Andrić's work and argues that his thought contains elements characteristic for the main features of Austrian philosophy mentioned above.