Protiv Eratostena ili kako je jedno političko ubistvo prošlo nekažnjeno

Abstract

Autori rada analiziraju Lisijinu besedu sačuvanu u korpusu pod brojem 12. Ova beseda predstavlja živ opis društvenopolitičkih prilika odmah nakon restauracije demokratije u Atini 403. godine pre n. ere, ali i događaja koji su doveli do njenog rušenja godinu dana ranije. Beseda Protiv Eratostena je višeslojna, a dopuna je glavnim istorijskim izvorima, Ksenofontovoj Helenskoj istoriji i Aristotelovom Ustavu atinskom, predstavljajući događaje iz drugog ideološkog ugla.

Against Eratosthenes is the only oration delivered personally by Lysias. It was the occasion on which he, although being an alien - metoikos istoteles, accused an Athenian citizen of murder, i.e. Eratosthenes for arresting and murdering Polemarchus, Lysias' brother. The orator took advantage of a case in the field of the general amnesty practice, which excluded only the crimes committed by the Thirty. Having this case in mind, Lysias took Eratosthenes to trial for murder. This trial was probably a private one, but since Eratosthenes was a prominent figure of the previous regime, actually one of the Thirty, drew the attention of many. By means of this oration Lysias as a foreigner, who did not have the right to actively participate in the political life of Athens, announced his political views on the past and recent events, on the nature of the regime of the Thirty, on their main leaders Critias and especially on Theramenes, to whom he put the most of the blame for the subversion of democracy. In his other speech on a Charge of Overthrowing the Democracy, which was delivered several years later, Lysias, this time in the role of the logographos, also disagreed with the common views on collective guilt, expressing his disapproval on leaving crimes unpunished and emphasized the importance of naming every perpetrator and his crime(s), not generalizing them.