Obilježja tranzicije u odraslo doba mladih sa problemima u mentalnom zdravlju

Abstract

U radu će biti riječi o odlikama tranzicije u odraslo doba mladih sa problemima u mentalnom zdravlju. Strana, a pogotovo domaća naučna istraživanja o tome kako ovi mladi dosežu odraslost i da li se u tom pogledu razlikuju u odnosu na svoje klinički neupadljive vršnjake, izuzetno su rijetka. Cilj naše analize je odatle bio da opišemo karakteristike odrastanja mladih ljudi sa dijagnozom mentalnog poremećaja. U građenju konceptualnog okvira studije pošli smo od integrativno-sistemskog modela tranzicije. Riječ je o modelu koji uvažava i tzv. strukturalne i subjektivne markere odraslosti. Prvu grupu čine objektivno vidljivi pokazatelji mjesta na skali odrastanja. Druga grupa pokazatelja se tiče stepena ostvarene subjektivne nezavisnosti mlade osobe u odnosu na roditelje. Pretpostavka od koje smo u istraživanju pošli je da uporedo sa osvajanjem struturalnih pokazatelja odrastanja, raste i subjektivna nezavisnost mladih. Uzorkom smo obuhvatili 50 ispitanika - korisnika psihijatrijskih usluga Dnevne bolnice Instituta za mentalno zdravlje u Beogradu. Podaci su prikupljeni pomoću upitnka i obrađeni primjenom statističkih metoda. Nalazi su pokazali da su ispitanici visoko zavisni od svojih roditelja: finansijski, stambeno i emocionalno. Tranzicija ka odraslom dobu ovih mladih je otežana, a posebno treba da zabrine to što su, u poređenju sa mlađima, u uzorku stariji ispitanici zavisniji od roditelja po svim analiziranim pokazatelji-ma mjesta na skali odrastanja. Na budućim produbljenijim istraživanjima je da se posebnije pozabave uzrocima i posljedicama odocnjelog i/ili zaustavljenog procesa odrastanja mladih sa dijagnozom mentalnog poremećaja.

The paper will discuss the characteristics of transition in adulthood of young people with mental health problems. Foreign, and especially domestic scientific research on how these young people reach adulthood and whether they differ from their clinically invisible peers, is extremely rare. Therefore the aim of our analysis was to describe the characteristics of the way young people with the diagnosis of mental disorders grow up. In constructing the conceptual framework of the study we proceeded from the integrativesystemic model of transition. This is a model that respects the so-called, structural, as well as subjective markers of adulthood. The first group consists of objectively visible indicators of the place on the growing-up scale. The second group of indicators relates to the degree of the subjective independence of the young person from his/her parents. Our main research assumption is that along with gaining the structural indicators of growing up, the subjective independence of young people is increasing. The sample included 50 respondents - users of psychiatric services at the Daily Hospital of the Institute of Mental Health in Belgrade. The data were collected via a questionnaire and processed by statistical methods. Findings have shown that the respondents are highly dependent on their parents: in financial, residential, and emotional respects. The transition of these young people to the adulthood is difficult, and what is particularly concerning is that, compared to the younger people, the older respondents in the sample are more dependent on their parents in all analyzed indicators of the place on the growing-up scale. Further research should deal with the causes and consequences of the ongoing and/or discontinued growing-up process of young people diagnosed with mental disorders.