Tipičan ženski i muški lik u udžbenicima prirode i društva

Abstract

Cilj rada bio je da se utvrdi kakav je tipičan ženski i muški lik, kakav je odnos dečjih i odraslih likova i u kojim se ulogama ovi likovi sreću u udžbenicima Poznavanja prirode i društva (PPD) od I-III razreda i Poznavanje društva za IV razred osnovne škole. Dva nezavisna procenjivača analizovala su ilustracije metodom analize sadržaja. Analizovan je broj muških i ženskih dečjih i odraslih likova, zatim odnos broja dečjih i odraslih likova, kao i uloge u kojima se ovi likovi javljaju. Osnovni nalazi su: postoji neznatno više dečjih likova nego likova odraslih; likovi dečaka malo češće se sreću nego likovi devojčica; odraslih muških likova je tri puta više nego odraslih ženskih; muškarci su najčešće prikazani u profesionalnoj i istorijsko-mitskoj ulozi (junaci, vođe, sveci..); žene su najčešće prikazane u ulozi 'drugog lica' (lice u masi, slučajna prolaznica, posmatrač a ne akter u dešavanju) i da su u odnosu na muške likove znatno su češće prikazivane u porodičnoj ulozi. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata, ocrtan je i prodiskutovan tipičan ženski i muški lik u ovim udžbenicima.

The aim of the study was to define typical male and female characters, the relationship of children and adult figures and the roles appropriated to these characters in textbooks of science and social studies for I-IV grades of elementary school. Two independent evaluators analyzed the illustrations by the content analysis method. The number of male and female, adult and child figures, the relationship of the number of the child and adult figures as well as the roles appropriated to them were studied. The basic findings include: insignificantly higher number of child than adult figures; somewhat more boys than girls; three times more adult male figures than adult female ones; the male figures are usually represented in professional and historic-mythical roles (heroes, leaders, saints.); the female characters are most commonly represented as the secondary roles (a face in the crowd, a passer-by, observer instead of a participant in events) and they were substantially more frequently represented in their familial role than the male characters. According to the results the typical male and female figures in these textbooks have been defined and discussed.