Zloupotreba psihoaktivnih supstanci i rizična ponašanja mladih u savremenom potrošačkom društvu: prikaz slučaja

Abstract

Cross-cultural research indicates high risk factors for substance abuse and alcohol dependence by young people in the modern society. These include: cultural norms that encourage alcohol consumption (dry and wet culture), the availability of alcohol, a lack of preventive measures in the community, problems in the school environment (negative school climate), a lack of parental monitoring, positive family attitudes towards drinking, the presence of alcoholism in the family, etc. Abuse of alcohol and other PAS is associated with crime, drunk driving, poor school performance or low academic achievement, risky sexual behavior, mental problems, etc. This paper analyzes two narratives of young persons with alcohol addiction (with additional use of cocaine)examining macro and micro risk factors for the occurrence and development of alcoholism. In both cases we find the following risk factors - living in an "alcoholic" environment, a lack of primary prevention within community, early initiation, primary family alcoholism, mental and / or physical abuse of the mother by the father, problems in the school environment. Risky behaviors associated with he use of alcohol that were present in both cases are drunk driving, and in one case frequent fights and occasional drug dealing.

Apstrakt: Kroskulturna istraţivanja ukazuju na visoko rizične faktore za zloupotrebu i zavisnost od alkohola i drugih psihoaktivnih supstanci (PAS) od strane mladih u savremenom društvu. U pitanju su kulturne norme u rizičnom društvu koje podstiču konzumaciju alkohola (suva i mokra kultura), laka dostupnost alkohola, nedostatak mera prevencije u zajednici, problemi u školskom okruţenju (negativna školska klima) nedostatak roditeljskog monitoringa, pozitivni porodični stavovi prema pijenju, prisustvo alkoholizma u porodici, itd. Zloupotreba alkohola i drugih PAS se povezuje sa kriminalom, voţnjom u pijanom stanju, lošim uspehom u školi ili niskim akademskim postignućem, rizičnim seksualnim ponašanjem, psihičkim problemima... U radu se kroz analizu dva narativa, sada mladih zavisnika od alkohola, (uz upotrebu i kokaina) ispituju makro i mikro faktori rizika za nastanak i razvoj alkoholizma. U oba slučaja nalazimo sledeće riziko faktore - ţivljenje u „alkoholnoj“ sredini, nepostajanje primarne prevencije u zajednici, ranu inicijaciju, alkoholizam u primarnoj porodici, psihičko i/ ili fizičko zlostavljanje majke od strane oca, probleme u školskom okruţenju. Od rizičnih ponašanja povezanih sa upotrebom alkohola prisutna je u oba slučaja voţnja u pijanom stanju, a u jednom slučaju i česte tuče i povremeno dilovanje droge.