Razvijanje socijalne bliskosti sa decom (Roma) kroz akciona istraživanja socijalne distance između 'istraživača' i dece, i same dece

Abstract

Akciona istraživanja socijalne distance prema Romima i deci Roma studenata defektologije i psihologije U ovom radu je objavljen deo rezultata dobijenih u istraživanju na projektu Instituta za defektologiju i Defektološkom fakultetu. Naziv projekta je bio "Socio-kulturni hendikep i interventna istraživanja u defektologiji", koji je urađen u periodu 1999. do 2002. godine. Cilj ovog projekta je bio da studenti kroz centriranu nastavu (psihološko-pedagoške radionice) steknu potrebna znanja, vrednosti i sentimente, poželjne za uspešno obavljanje budućeg poziva. Drugi cilj projekta je bio menjanje postojećih stavova prema socio-kulturno hendikepiranoj deci (romskoj) kroz akciono istraživanje. Obuka studenata za ispitivanje i menjanje socijalne distance dece ne-Roma i dece Roma u redovnim i specijalnim vrtićima i školama obavljena je i proverena u okviru redovnih vežbi na fakultetu. U procesu prikupljanja podataka koristili smo Adaptirane Bogardusove skale za ispitivanje socijalne distance za decu i za odrasle. Jedan uzorak činili su učenici prva četiri razreda osnovne škole ukupno 132: 63 Roma i 69 ne-Roma. Drugi uzorak činili su studenti: ukupno 247 (108 psihologije i 139 defektologije). Konačni rezultati pokazuju da studenti defektologije imaju veću toleranciju prema Romima nego studenti psihologije. Opšti zaključak je da nivo socijalne distance nije suviše visok, ali da se povećava sa stepenom intimnosti u konkretnom odnosu. Jedan od važnijih zaključaka je da deca Roma pokazuju manju socijalnu distancu prema ne-romskoj deci, nego ona prema njima.

In this paper we show part of the results of the research on the project of the Institute of Defectology and Faculty of Defectology. The name of this project is "Social-cultural Handicap and Intervention (action) Researches in Defectology", and it was conducted from 1999. to 2000. The aim of this project is to develop knowledge, values and sentiments, through psychological-pedagogical workshops, that the students will need in their future work. Another aim was to change existing attitudes toward socially and culturally handicapped children through action research. The training of students for the research and changing of social distance of non-Gipsy and Gipsy children in regular and special kindergartens, was conducted as a part of their practical studies in the faculty. In the process of gathering data we used an Adjusted Bogardus Scale for Children and Adults. One part of the sample were 132 primary school children (first to fourth grade), of which 63 Gipsy and 69 non-Gipsy. Another part of the sample was consisted of 247 students (adults), 108 students of psychology and 139 students of defectology. Final results show that students of defectology have more tolerance than students of psychology toward Gypsies. An overall conclusion is that on this level social distance is not to high, but that it increases with the level of intimacy of given relationships. One of the important results of this research is also that Gipsy children show less social distance toward non-Gipsy children, than in reverse.