Antičko nasljeđe Budve kao kulturna baština: O pamćenju i zaboravljanju antičke budvanske prošlosti

Abstract

U radu se iznose zapažanja o principima i načinima pamćenja i zaštite antičkog budvanskog nasljeđa, s naglaskom na razdoblju od prve polovine XX vijeka do danas. Obuhvaćena je bogata zbirka antičkih spomenika koji su pronađeni na teritoriji današnje Budve. Razmatra se antička nekropola u kojoj su otkriveni predmeti iz helenističkog i rimskog perioda (oruđe, oružje i nakit), zatim budvanski Akropolj i ostaci rimskih građevina, kao i mozaici koji su pronađeni na ovoj teritoriji. Uz istorijski pregled procesa čuvanja i otuđenja, u radu se iznosi kritički osvrt na principe istraživanja, zaštite i prezentacije budvanske antičke baštine. Cilj rada je da predstavi svjedočanstvene potencijale i značaj antičkog budvanskog nasljeđa u kontekstu kulturne baštine, te načine pretrajavanja antičkih spomenika iz heritološke perspektive.

It is the aim of this paper to emphasize the importance of pro- tecting Budva’s ancient legacy, with an overview of the most important ancient sites and monuments, its intangible cultural heritage, as well as previous praxes of research and prevention of Budva’s ancient patrimony. Ancient Budva isn’t merely a testimony about the distant past of the town, but also a reminder of the heterogeneous culture which existed in the area. The archaeological arte- facts found in Budva (the ancient necropolis, fragments of city gates, Budva’s acropolis, villas, basilica, and mosaics) are memorials of diverse traditions which coexisted in the area and created new and specific modes of living. As one of the oldest settlements on the Adriatic coast, Ancient Budva was governed by various ethnicities. The largest number of material traces were left by the Illyrians, Greeks, and Romans. The monuments and sites from the period were discovered by accident in the previous century, and the artefacts have never been thoroughly explored, as the majority of objects was either destroyed or stolen due to careless and unprofessional excavations, or donated to museums in Belgrade, Split, Zagreb, and Cetinje (lavishly decorated jewellery, tools, glass and pottery from the Hellenistic and Roman periods). These artefacts correspond to the excellent artistic production of the time. Knowledge about the wealthy trade centre on the coast – which was positioned near main trade roads and, therefore, at a centre of communication on the Eastern Adriatic coast – would profoundly improve our understanding of Budva’s past. How- ever, to become part of the contemporary collective identity of Budva, this past has to be thoroughly explored, presented, and validated. Ancient Budva is still present in modern Budva. It welcomes the visitors of the Old Town, guest of Avala Hotel, and travellers who walk through Budva’s surrounding area. It calls for examination and research. Nevertheless, if we disregard this heritage, Ancient Budva’s past will be forgotten once more.