Reconsidering the role of music in mood regulation and its relation to age and gender differences in Serbian adolescents
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Background
Adolescents spend a lot of time listening to music. Music has various functions in their development,
and one of the most important is the regulation of emotions (McFerran et al., 2012;
Miranda, 2019; Saarikallio & Erkkilä, 2007). A theoretical model that describes mood regulation
thru seven regulatory strategies (Diversion, Revival, Mental work, Discharge, Solace, Strong
sensation and Entertainment) was developed by Saarikallio and associates (2008). Adolescents
who spend more time listening to music and consider it important use these strategies more
often than those who appreciate music less (Saarikallio, 2008). It has also been shown that girls
use these strategies more frequently than boys, as well as older adolescents than younger. These
differences are not found in adulthood, which implies that regulation increases during adolescence
and stabilizes at its end (Saarikallio, 2008).
Aims
The main goal was to examine the factor structure of the Brief Music in ...Mood Regulation scale
(B-MMR; Saarikallio, 2012) in Serbian adolescents and to relate obtained factors to music appreciation
and time spent on music listening. Also, we investigated gender and age differences
since it hasn’t been done in our milieu yet.
Method
The convenient sample consisted of 445 primary and secondary school students aged from 12
to 18 years. The online survey included demographic data, questions about the importance and
frequency of listening to music, and, finally, B-MMR (Saarikallio, 2012) – a shorter version of a
scale measuring the seven strategies for mood regulation by music.
Results
Factor analysis (PAF, Promax rotation) is conducted on B-MMR items regarding music function
in mood regulation. Firstly, PAF extracted 3 factors explaining 63.5% of variance (KMO =
.944, χ2(120) = 3822, p < .001): Regulation of emotions (composed of five out of seven originally
conceptualized strategies), Strong sensation of music and Entertainment. Since the correlation
between the first two factors was high (above .70), a number of factors was fixed on two. Strong
sensation factor merged with the Regulation of emotions – explaining 48.8% of variance, and
Entertainment, as the second factor, explains 8.4% of the variance. T-tests showed that adolescents
who spend more time listening to music and consider it more important use music to regulate
their mood more often than their peers who don’t appreciate music that much. It is shown
that girls use Regulation of emotions (t(214) = 5.264, p = .000, d = 0.568) and Entertainment
(t(167) = 4.918, p = .000, d = 0.564) more often than boys. Also, older adolescents use both
strategies more frequently than younger (t(154) = -2.192, p = .030, d = 0.336; t(129) = -2.173,
p = .032, d = 0.337).
Conclusions
The results confirm age and sex differences from the previous studies and the relation between
music appreciation and its usage in mood regulation (Saarikallio, 2008). However, the factor
structure of B-MMR is different, which questions the original model conceptualization.
Namely, the Entertainment dimension seems to be qualitatively different from the others. The
implications of the findings are further discussed, and suggestions for future research will be
given.
Keywords:
adolescence / mood regulation / musicSource:
Psychology and Music: Interdisciplinary Encounters – Second International conference – Book of abstracts, 2022, 2, 58-59Publisher:
- Faculty of Music, University of Arts in Belgrade
Funding / projects:
Institution/Community
Psihologija / PsychologyTY - CONF AU - Milošević, Anđela AU - Stepanović Ilić, Ivana PY - 2022 UR - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4415 AB - Background Adolescents spend a lot of time listening to music. Music has various functions in their development, and one of the most important is the regulation of emotions (McFerran et al., 2012; Miranda, 2019; Saarikallio & Erkkilä, 2007). A theoretical model that describes mood regulation thru seven regulatory strategies (Diversion, Revival, Mental work, Discharge, Solace, Strong sensation and Entertainment) was developed by Saarikallio and associates (2008). Adolescents who spend more time listening to music and consider it important use these strategies more often than those who appreciate music less (Saarikallio, 2008). It has also been shown that girls use these strategies more frequently than boys, as well as older adolescents than younger. These differences are not found in adulthood, which implies that regulation increases during adolescence and stabilizes at its end (Saarikallio, 2008). Aims The main goal was to examine the factor structure of the Brief Music in Mood Regulation scale (B-MMR; Saarikallio, 2012) in Serbian adolescents and to relate obtained factors to music appreciation and time spent on music listening. Also, we investigated gender and age differences since it hasn’t been done in our milieu yet. Method The convenient sample consisted of 445 primary and secondary school students aged from 12 to 18 years. The online survey included demographic data, questions about the importance and frequency of listening to music, and, finally, B-MMR (Saarikallio, 2012) – a shorter version of a scale measuring the seven strategies for mood regulation by music. Results Factor analysis (PAF, Promax rotation) is conducted on B-MMR items regarding music function in mood regulation. Firstly, PAF extracted 3 factors explaining 63.5% of variance (KMO = .944, χ2(120) = 3822, p < .001): Regulation of emotions (composed of five out of seven originally conceptualized strategies), Strong sensation of music and Entertainment. Since the correlation between the first two factors was high (above .70), a number of factors was fixed on two. Strong sensation factor merged with the Regulation of emotions – explaining 48.8% of variance, and Entertainment, as the second factor, explains 8.4% of the variance. T-tests showed that adolescents who spend more time listening to music and consider it more important use music to regulate their mood more often than their peers who don’t appreciate music that much. It is shown that girls use Regulation of emotions (t(214) = 5.264, p = .000, d = 0.568) and Entertainment (t(167) = 4.918, p = .000, d = 0.564) more often than boys. Also, older adolescents use both strategies more frequently than younger (t(154) = -2.192, p = .030, d = 0.336; t(129) = -2.173, p = .032, d = 0.337). Conclusions The results confirm age and sex differences from the previous studies and the relation between music appreciation and its usage in mood regulation (Saarikallio, 2008). However, the factor structure of B-MMR is different, which questions the original model conceptualization. Namely, the Entertainment dimension seems to be qualitatively different from the others. The implications of the findings are further discussed, and suggestions for future research will be given. PB - Faculty of Music, University of Arts in Belgrade C3 - Psychology and Music: Interdisciplinary Encounters – Second International conference – Book of abstracts T1 - Reconsidering the role of music in mood regulation and its relation to age and gender differences in Serbian adolescents EP - 59 SP - 58 VL - 2 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_4415 ER -
@conference{ author = "Milošević, Anđela and Stepanović Ilić, Ivana", year = "2022", abstract = "Background Adolescents spend a lot of time listening to music. Music has various functions in their development, and one of the most important is the regulation of emotions (McFerran et al., 2012; Miranda, 2019; Saarikallio & Erkkilä, 2007). A theoretical model that describes mood regulation thru seven regulatory strategies (Diversion, Revival, Mental work, Discharge, Solace, Strong sensation and Entertainment) was developed by Saarikallio and associates (2008). Adolescents who spend more time listening to music and consider it important use these strategies more often than those who appreciate music less (Saarikallio, 2008). It has also been shown that girls use these strategies more frequently than boys, as well as older adolescents than younger. These differences are not found in adulthood, which implies that regulation increases during adolescence and stabilizes at its end (Saarikallio, 2008). Aims The main goal was to examine the factor structure of the Brief Music in Mood Regulation scale (B-MMR; Saarikallio, 2012) in Serbian adolescents and to relate obtained factors to music appreciation and time spent on music listening. Also, we investigated gender and age differences since it hasn’t been done in our milieu yet. Method The convenient sample consisted of 445 primary and secondary school students aged from 12 to 18 years. The online survey included demographic data, questions about the importance and frequency of listening to music, and, finally, B-MMR (Saarikallio, 2012) – a shorter version of a scale measuring the seven strategies for mood regulation by music. Results Factor analysis (PAF, Promax rotation) is conducted on B-MMR items regarding music function in mood regulation. Firstly, PAF extracted 3 factors explaining 63.5% of variance (KMO = .944, χ2(120) = 3822, p < .001): Regulation of emotions (composed of five out of seven originally conceptualized strategies), Strong sensation of music and Entertainment. Since the correlation between the first two factors was high (above .70), a number of factors was fixed on two. Strong sensation factor merged with the Regulation of emotions – explaining 48.8% of variance, and Entertainment, as the second factor, explains 8.4% of the variance. T-tests showed that adolescents who spend more time listening to music and consider it more important use music to regulate their mood more often than their peers who don’t appreciate music that much. It is shown that girls use Regulation of emotions (t(214) = 5.264, p = .000, d = 0.568) and Entertainment (t(167) = 4.918, p = .000, d = 0.564) more often than boys. Also, older adolescents use both strategies more frequently than younger (t(154) = -2.192, p = .030, d = 0.336; t(129) = -2.173, p = .032, d = 0.337). Conclusions The results confirm age and sex differences from the previous studies and the relation between music appreciation and its usage in mood regulation (Saarikallio, 2008). However, the factor structure of B-MMR is different, which questions the original model conceptualization. Namely, the Entertainment dimension seems to be qualitatively different from the others. The implications of the findings are further discussed, and suggestions for future research will be given.", publisher = "Faculty of Music, University of Arts in Belgrade", journal = "Psychology and Music: Interdisciplinary Encounters – Second International conference – Book of abstracts", title = "Reconsidering the role of music in mood regulation and its relation to age and gender differences in Serbian adolescents", pages = "59-58", volume = "2", url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_4415" }
Milošević, A.,& Stepanović Ilić, I.. (2022). Reconsidering the role of music in mood regulation and its relation to age and gender differences in Serbian adolescents. in Psychology and Music: Interdisciplinary Encounters – Second International conference – Book of abstracts Faculty of Music, University of Arts in Belgrade., 2, 58-59. https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_4415
Milošević A, Stepanović Ilić I. Reconsidering the role of music in mood regulation and its relation to age and gender differences in Serbian adolescents. in Psychology and Music: Interdisciplinary Encounters – Second International conference – Book of abstracts. 2022;2:58-59. https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_4415 .
Milošević, Anđela, Stepanović Ilić, Ivana, "Reconsidering the role of music in mood regulation and its relation to age and gender differences in Serbian adolescents" in Psychology and Music: Interdisciplinary Encounters – Second International conference – Book of abstracts, 2 (2022):58-59, https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_4415 .