Simbolička dominacija i antiideološka delovanja – represivni mehanizmi ideoloških institucija i Tolstojev pokušaj slobodnog vaspitanja

Abstract

Rad se bavi odnosom ideologije i subjekta. Ideologija se shvata ka sistem koji opstaje zahvalјujući označitelјima produkovanim od strane državnih ideoloških aparata. Preuzimanje označitelјa od strane individua nazvano je interpelacijom. Tekst, dalјe govori u ulozi obrazovnih institucija u stvaranju klasnog društva. Zaklјučak je da viši društveni sloj, zahvalјujući nasleđenom simboličkom kapitalu, preuzima ideološke označitelјe moći održavajući, tako, klasnu dominaciju. U tekstu se dalјe analizira pokušaj antiideološkog delovanja. To delovanje se prepoznaje u a) mogućnostima zasnivanja kulturne hegemonije i b) utopističkim pokušajima (koje smo prepoznali u pedagoškim idejama Lava Nikolajeviča Tolstoja) smanjenja (redukcije) ideoloških označitelјa.

This paper is on the relation between the state (i.e. its ideological apparatus) and the subjects. Institutions of the system enable production of the signifier (signifié),which protect the existing class system. In this way, values are constituted, which become pledge for any further future inequality. Following Bourdieu, we can name those values as a symbolic capital. We are going to see that the processes of pedagogical work are connected to the ideological matrix, which has the aim of maintaining dominant (ideological) order. On the other hand, following the idea of Rousseau of the Tolstoy (Лев Николаевич Толстой) type, we are going to discuss attempts of the process of constituting personality (interpretation into the subject, i.e. the process of naming the signifier, which is supposed to be held without repressive pedagogical measures imposed deliberately by the system. This anti-ideological attempt does not mean that Tolstoy rejected ideology (this is going to be proved as impossible, because without ideology, it is impossible to talk about other ideologies), but that he tried to lessen (or totally remove) the system of supervision and punishment upon which repressive mechanism of the system exists. It is going to be proved, that the system of supervision can be relative only with a smaller production of the signifier.