Thematic Programmes of Serbian Monumental Painting

Abstract

Serbian churches erected in the 13th century, whose ktetors predominantly included members of the ruling Nemanjić family, as well as several earlier churches that were renovated in that century, were embellished with frescoes produced in conformity with the principles of monumental painting. In part, the choice and arrangement of themes in Serbian churches is based on the programmatic solutions applied in the decoration of Byzantine churches in the 13th century. Nevertheless, many themes also featured in the programmes of 13th century Serbian churches, as a number of factors played a part in their development. Besides tradition and the spirit of the epoch, an important part in formulating the painting ensemble was also played by a church’s purpose, dedication and architecture, as well as the ktetor’s special requirements. A special feature of 13th century Serbian painting is a ‘gallery’ of portraits of the members of the ruling Nemanjić family. Judging by their large number, complex meanings and skilful incorporation into a broader programmatic context, they held a special place in medieval Orthodox art. The Procession of the Nemanjić Family reveals the origins and permanence of the Serbian dynasty, order and continuity regarding succession to the throne, highlights the actual ruler as the successor of revered ancestors and the holiness of the ruling family.