O teorijama, politikama i praksama borbe protiv siromaštva. Ili siromašnih? Sociološka analiza

Abstract

U tekstu će biti riječi o naučnim teorijama, politikama i praksama borbe protiv siromaštva, a ključno pitanje kojim ćemo se baviti je da li diskursi, društvene strategije i akcije koje ciljaju na smanjenje materijalne bijede rade za ili protiv siromašnih. Nema nikakve sumnje da je siromaštvo sveprisutna realnost (i) u savremenom svijetu, da dobija iznenađujuće razmjere čak i u razvijenim društvima, kao i da su pokušaji da se izađe na kraj sa ovim drušvenim izazovom uglavnom neuspješni. Ljudi koji žive iskustvo siromaštva suočavaju se sa nizom nevolja počev od elementarne nemaštine preko diskriminacije do nemogućnosti da ispolje svoje ljudske kapacitete, a to je, kako nas uče kritički orijentisani sociolozi, jedan od najtežih zločina. Nadalje, kako dominatni naučni pristupi i ekspertske inicijative, tako i normativna rješenja i prakse siromašnom po pravilu pripisuju odgovornost za bivanje na društvenoj margini. U naučnim istraživanjima ućutkan je njegov glas, a primjena strategija i mjera socijalne politike koje bi trebale da pomognu da se okonča siromaštvo, ograničena je na one koji se upodobljavaju formalno i neformalno normiranom kalupu milosrđa. Drugačije kazano, nad siromašnim se sprovodi otvoreno i simboličko nasilje. Paradoksalno, ono kao takvo nije notirano, iako se dešava u vremenu koje obilježava opšteprihvaćeni diskurs o političkoj korektnosti i o vladavini ljudskih prava.

The text will discuss scientific theories, policies and practices in the fight against poverty, and the key question we will deal with is whether discourses, social strategies and actions aimed at reducing material poverty work for or against the poor. There is no doubt that poverty is a ubiquitous reality (and) in the modern world, that it is gaining surprising proportions even in developed societies, and that attempts to deal with this social challenge are largely unsuccessful. People who live the experience of poverty face a series of troubles, starting from material deprivation, through discrimination, to the inability to express their human capacities, which, as critical sociologists teach us, is one of the most serious crimes. Furthermore, dominant scientific approaches and expert initiatives, as well as normative solutions and practices, as a rule, attribute responsibility for being on the social margin to the Poor. His voice has been silenced in scientific research, and the application of social policy strategies and measures that should help end poverty is limited to those who conform to the formally and informally normed mold of charity. In other words, open and symbolic violence is carried out against the Poor. Paradoxically, it was not recorded as such, even though it happened in a time marked by a generally accepted discourse on political correctness and the rule of human rights.