Logos i Platonovo pitanje o metodi filozofije

Abstract

Platon u dijalozima pod svojom metodom razume na prvi pogled vrlo različite postupke i procedure. Mi ćemo nastojati da pokažemo da su svi ovi postupci međusobno povezani, te da je Platon stalno svoja metodološka promišljanja razrađivao, dopunjava i precizirao. U ranim dijalozima dominira postupak dolaženja do definicije nečega, pri čemu važnu ulogu ima preispitivanje i pobijanje mnjenja sagovornika. U Menonu i Fedonu Platon uvodi i primenjuje hipotetičku metodu, koju su koristili matematičari njegovog vremena. Prekretnicu u njegovim metodološkim promišljanjima prestavlja dijalog Država u kome je dao najcelovitiji opis dijalektičke metode, i nagovestio metodski postupak koji će razviti i praktikovati u poznim dijalozima.

At first glance, Plato saw 'his method' as different processes and procedures The author of the paper attempts to show that all of these procedures are interrelated and that Plato kept on elaborating, supplementing and fine-tuning his methodological reflections. The procedure of giving a definition dominates his early dialogues, as well as the questioning and refutation of the various opinions of Socrates' interlocutors. In the Meno and the Phaedo, Plato introduces and practices the hypothetical method which was used by the mathematicians of those times. The dialogue Republic represents the turning point in his methodology. Therein Plato gives the most comprehensive description of the dialectical method and, simultaneously, foreshadows the method of division which he develops and practices in later dialogues.