Strategije opstanka domaćinstava u Srbiji

Abstract

Koncept ekonomskih strategija domaćinstava nastao je u proučavanjima siromaštva u Africi i Latinskoj Americi, da bi se kasnije razvijao u istraživanjima društvenih i ekonomskih promena razvijenih kapitalističkih društava Zapada. Povezivanje strukture i akcije, makro i mikro nivoa, postavljanje domaćinstva pre nego pojedinca za jedinicu analize, omogućilo je bolje razumevanje promena položaja i ekonomskog ponašanja domaćinstava u uslovima socio-ekonomskih promena. Stoga je koncept doživeo značajan uspon u istraživanjima postsocijalističkih kao i 'post-fordističkih društava'. U Srbiji je istraživanje ekonomskih strategija domaćinstava sprovedeno u dva talasa (u leto 2000. godine i jesen 2002). Istraživanje je pokazalo da na planu socio-ekonomskog položaja domaćinstava nije došlo do značajnijih promena, ali da su one evidentne na planu akcije (ekonomskog ponašanja domaćinstava i pojedinaca). Pokazalo se da su pasivno-defanzivne strategije u opadanju, a da pro-aktivne, posebno radne strategije pokazuju rastuće trendove.

Concept of household strategies was firstly used in poverty surveys in Africa and Latin America, and lately developed in economic changes surveys in Western developed societies. Connecting the structure and action, macro and micro level of analysis and focusing on households, rather than individual as basic unit of analysis, the concept opened possibilities for better understanding of household economic behavior during social and economic changes. New developments concept experienced in numerous surveys in post-socialist as well as 'post-fordists' societies. The economic household strategies surveys were conducted in Serbia in two waves - in summer of 2000. and autumn of 2002. Comparative analysis of results has not show significant changes in socio-economic position of households. However, changes were evident in the field of action (economic strategies of households and individuals). Decreasing of passive and defensive strategies and increasing of pro-active, particularly working strategies were significant trends from survey.