Виногради на поседима манастира Свети Арханђели код Призрена

Abstract

Рад се бави виноградарским поседима властелинства манастира Свети Арханђели код Призрена на основу Светоарханђеловске хрисовуље цара Душана, у циљу стварања слике о реонизацији парцела засађених виновом лозом на једном од најбогатијих српских средњовековних властелинстава. Велики број манастирских винограда, који су се простирали у градском метоху, у Призренској жупи и изван ње, као и прецизне одредбе оснивачке хрисовуље о обавезама земљорадника, свештеника, властеле и арбанашких сточара у виноградарским пословима сведоче о знатном развоју виноградарства у српским средњовековним земљама у првој половини XIV века, као и о великом значају ове привредне гране.

Th e great number of vineyards on St. Archangels monastery estate near Prizren are evidence to a considerable growth of viticulture in the fi rst half of the XIV century, in accordance with the general prosperity of medieval Serbian state and also with the necessity of emperor Dusan to create one of the richest monastery estates. Th e vineyard estates of this monastery were formed by subordinating villages, people and churches with vineyards, grouping the pre-existing, and planting new vineyards (as the case in Senjani village). In the very city – Prizren metoh –three churches with over 20 vineyards were subordinated to St. Archangels monastery while the monastery estate round up was completed by joining lands. Out of 40 Prizren zupa villages given to St. Archangels, there were vineyards in the surroundings of 8 villages, while outside Prizren zupa there were some in Pilot, Polog, around Skoplje, on Beli Drim river in Albania, in Veles and Strumica. Good farmland in city metoh and fertile Prizren zupa, densely populated and one of the richest in medieval Serbia, with the Prizren city as an exptionally signifi cant commerce and handcraft centre, provided ideal conditions for growing grapevine. Th e inclusion of general provisions into the founding charter which obliged all „Serbеs” (merophs), priests, nobility and the one part of Walach population to cultivate vineyards showcases the great importance of this branch of industry.