TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sulpizio, S.
AU  - Günther, F
AU  - Badan, L
AU  - Basclain, B
AU  - Brysbaert, M
AU  - Chan, Y.L.
AU  - Ciaccio, L.A.
AU  - Dudschig, C
AU  - Duñabeitia, J.A.
AU  - Fasoli, F
AU  - Ferrand, L.
AU  - Filipović Đurđević, Dušica
AU  - Guerra, E
AU  - Hollis, G
AU  - Job, R
AU  - Jornkokgoud, K
AU  - Kahraman, H
AU  - Kgolo-Lotshwao, N
AU  - Kinoshita, S
AU  - Kos, J
AU  - Lee, L
AU  - Lee, N
AU  - Mackenzie, I.G.
AU  - Manojlović, Milica
AU  - Manouilidou, C
AU  - Martinić, M
AU  - del Carmen Méndez, M
AU  - Mišić, Ksenija
AU  - Na Chiangmai, N
AU  - Nikolaev, A
AU  - Oganyan, M
AU  - Rusconi, P
AU  - Samo, G
AU  - Chi-shing, T
AU  - Westbury, C
AU  - Wongupparaj, P
AU  - Yap, M
AU  - Marelli, M
PY  - 2024
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6435
AB  - The use of taboo words represents one of the most common and arguably universal linguistic behaviors, fulfilling a wide range of psychological and social functions. However, in the scientific literature, taboo language is poorly characterized, and how it is realized in different languages and populations remains largely unexplored. Here we provide a database of taboo words, collected from different linguistic communities (Study 1, N = 1046), along with their speaker-centered semantic characterization (Study 2, N = 455 for each of six rating dimensions), covering 13 languages and 17 countries from all five permanently inhabited continents. Our results show that, in all languages, taboo words are mainly characterized by extremely low valence and high arousal, and very low written frequency. However, a significant amount of cross-country variability in words’ tabooness and offensiveness proves the importance of community-specific sociocultural knowledge in the study of taboo language.
T2  - Behavior research methods
T1  - Taboo language across the globe: A multi-lab study
DO  - 10.3758/s13428-024-02376-6
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Sulpizio, S. and Günther, F and Badan, L and Basclain, B and Brysbaert, M and Chan, Y.L. and Ciaccio, L.A. and Dudschig, C and Duñabeitia, J.A. and Fasoli, F and Ferrand, L. and Filipović Đurđević, Dušica and Guerra, E and Hollis, G and Job, R and Jornkokgoud, K and Kahraman, H and Kgolo-Lotshwao, N and Kinoshita, S and Kos, J and Lee, L and Lee, N and Mackenzie, I.G. and Manojlović, Milica and Manouilidou, C and Martinić, M and del Carmen Méndez, M and Mišić, Ksenija and Na Chiangmai, N and Nikolaev, A and Oganyan, M and Rusconi, P and Samo, G and Chi-shing, T and Westbury, C and Wongupparaj, P and Yap, M and Marelli, M",
year = "2024",
abstract = "The use of taboo words represents one of the most common and arguably universal linguistic behaviors, fulfilling a wide range of psychological and social functions. However, in the scientific literature, taboo language is poorly characterized, and how it is realized in different languages and populations remains largely unexplored. Here we provide a database of taboo words, collected from different linguistic communities (Study 1, N = 1046), along with their speaker-centered semantic characterization (Study 2, N = 455 for each of six rating dimensions), covering 13 languages and 17 countries from all five permanently inhabited continents. Our results show that, in all languages, taboo words are mainly characterized by extremely low valence and high arousal, and very low written frequency. However, a significant amount of cross-country variability in words’ tabooness and offensiveness proves the importance of community-specific sociocultural knowledge in the study of taboo language.",
journal = "Behavior research methods",
title = "Taboo language across the globe: A multi-lab study",
doi = "10.3758/s13428-024-02376-6"
}

Sulpizio, S., Günther, F., Badan, L., Basclain, B., Brysbaert, M., Chan, Y.L., Ciaccio, L.A., Dudschig, C., Duñabeitia, J.A., Fasoli, F., Ferrand, L., Filipović Đurđević, D., Guerra, E., Hollis, G., Job, R., Jornkokgoud, K., Kahraman, H., Kgolo-Lotshwao, N., Kinoshita, S., Kos, J., Lee, L., Lee, N., Mackenzie, I.G., Manojlović, M., Manouilidou, C., Martinić, M., del Carmen Méndez, M., Mišić, K., Na Chiangmai, N., Nikolaev, A., Oganyan, M., Rusconi, P., Samo, G., Chi-shing, T., Westbury, C., Wongupparaj, P., Yap, M.,& Marelli, M.. (2024). Taboo language across the globe: A multi-lab study. in Behavior research methods.
https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-024-02376-6

Sulpizio S, Günther F, Badan L, Basclain B, Brysbaert M, Chan Y, Ciaccio L, Dudschig C, Duñabeitia J, Fasoli F, Ferrand L, Filipović Đurđević D, Guerra E, Hollis G, Job R, Jornkokgoud K, Kahraman H, Kgolo-Lotshwao N, Kinoshita S, Kos J, Lee L, Lee N, Mackenzie I, Manojlović M, Manouilidou C, Martinić M, del Carmen Méndez M, Mišić K, Na Chiangmai N, Nikolaev A, Oganyan M, Rusconi P, Samo G, Chi-shing T, Westbury C, Wongupparaj P, Yap M, Marelli M. Taboo language across the globe: A multi-lab study. in Behavior research methods. 2024;.
doi:10.3758/s13428-024-02376-6 .

Sulpizio, S., Günther, F, Badan, L, Basclain, B, Brysbaert, M, Chan, Y.L., Ciaccio, L.A., Dudschig, C, Duñabeitia, J.A., Fasoli, F, Ferrand, L., Filipović Đurđević, Dušica, Guerra, E, Hollis, G, Job, R, Jornkokgoud, K, Kahraman, H, Kgolo-Lotshwao, N, Kinoshita, S, Kos, J, Lee, L, Lee, N, Mackenzie, I.G., Manojlović, Milica, Manouilidou, C, Martinić, M, del Carmen Méndez, M, Mišić, Ksenija, Na Chiangmai, N, Nikolaev, A, Oganyan, M, Rusconi, P, Samo, G, Chi-shing, T, Westbury, C, Wongupparaj, P, Yap, M, Marelli, M, "Taboo language across the globe: A multi-lab study" in Behavior research methods (2024),
https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-024-02376-6 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Mišić, Ksenija
AU  - Anđelić, Sara
AU  - Osmani, Dajana
AU  - Manojlović, Milica
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5153
AB  - Previous findings revealed that number of senses and sense probabilities expressed as entropy
predicted processing of polysemous words (Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2021; Mišić &
Filipović Đurđević, 2022). However, that had previously only been demonstrated for nouns.
Part of speech was not commonly considered in the lexical ambiguity literature, neither as
theoretical standpoint nor as methodological control (Eddington & Tokowicz, 2015). This
study plans to expand the polysemy research to adjectives and verbs, and to compare the
effects. We estimated the number of senses (NoS) and the distribution of sense probabilities
for 308 Serbian nouns, adjectives, and verbs, and then tested the effects of NoS, entropy (H),
and redundancy (T) on processing of polysemous words. Estimation of H and NoS was done
through a sense production task, where participants listed all senses of a word that they could
remember. Then, words were split across a group of coders who classified the listed senses in
two ways. First, senses were classified into categories formed according to Matica Srpska’s
Dictionary of Serbian language (2011) word senses. Then coders went through the remaining
uncategorised senses and added categories not present in the dictionary. Additional two coders
classified senses on a subsample of words partially overlapping with words of each of the main
coders to compare estimations. Correlations between main coders and control coders varied
from .004 to .971 (mean r = .69, SD = .23; all ps < .05). Using dictionary categories revealed
to be a good strategy when senses are classified by multiple coders, since correlations between
coder estimations were lower for measures calculated when additional categories were
introduced (dictionary: mean r = .78, SD = .24; additional categories: mean r = .59, SD = .17).
This suggests that large-scale categorisations should rely on predefined categories or at least
be guided by them. Measures developed through this categorisation (NoS, H, T) were then used
to predict RTs for three word classes. Our goal was to test whether these measures effects differ
in verbs and adjectives, compared to nouns. Preliminary results of linear mixed-effects
modelling revealed no interaction between NoS/H and word class, however, revealed NoS (b
= -.012, S.E. = .003, df = 287.81, t = -3.62, p = .000) effect across all classes and no H or T
effects. We concluded that our NoS estimations did describe polysemous words
representations, whereas sense probabilities were not adequately captured by our
categorization
PB  - Institut za psihologiju, Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu
PB  - Laboratorija za eksperimentalnu psihologiju, Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu
C3  - Knjiga rezimea, XXIX naučni skup Empirijska istraživanja u psihologiji, Filozofski fakultet, Beograd
T1  - Estimating the Number of Senses and Sense Probability Distribution for Serbian Polysemous Nouns, Adjectives, and Verbs
SP  - 38
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5153
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Mišić, Ksenija and Anđelić, Sara and Osmani, Dajana and Manojlović, Milica",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Previous findings revealed that number of senses and sense probabilities expressed as entropy
predicted processing of polysemous words (Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2021; Mišić &
Filipović Đurđević, 2022). However, that had previously only been demonstrated for nouns.
Part of speech was not commonly considered in the lexical ambiguity literature, neither as
theoretical standpoint nor as methodological control (Eddington & Tokowicz, 2015). This
study plans to expand the polysemy research to adjectives and verbs, and to compare the
effects. We estimated the number of senses (NoS) and the distribution of sense probabilities
for 308 Serbian nouns, adjectives, and verbs, and then tested the effects of NoS, entropy (H),
and redundancy (T) on processing of polysemous words. Estimation of H and NoS was done
through a sense production task, where participants listed all senses of a word that they could
remember. Then, words were split across a group of coders who classified the listed senses in
two ways. First, senses were classified into categories formed according to Matica Srpska’s
Dictionary of Serbian language (2011) word senses. Then coders went through the remaining
uncategorised senses and added categories not present in the dictionary. Additional two coders
classified senses on a subsample of words partially overlapping with words of each of the main
coders to compare estimations. Correlations between main coders and control coders varied
from .004 to .971 (mean r = .69, SD = .23; all ps < .05). Using dictionary categories revealed
to be a good strategy when senses are classified by multiple coders, since correlations between
coder estimations were lower for measures calculated when additional categories were
introduced (dictionary: mean r = .78, SD = .24; additional categories: mean r = .59, SD = .17).
This suggests that large-scale categorisations should rely on predefined categories or at least
be guided by them. Measures developed through this categorisation (NoS, H, T) were then used
to predict RTs for three word classes. Our goal was to test whether these measures effects differ
in verbs and adjectives, compared to nouns. Preliminary results of linear mixed-effects
modelling revealed no interaction between NoS/H and word class, however, revealed NoS (b
= -.012, S.E. = .003, df = 287.81, t = -3.62, p = .000) effect across all classes and no H or T
effects. We concluded that our NoS estimations did describe polysemous words
representations, whereas sense probabilities were not adequately captured by our
categorization",
publisher = "Institut za psihologiju, Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Laboratorija za eksperimentalnu psihologiju, Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu",
journal = "Knjiga rezimea, XXIX naučni skup Empirijska istraživanja u psihologiji, Filozofski fakultet, Beograd",
title = "Estimating the Number of Senses and Sense Probability Distribution for Serbian Polysemous Nouns, Adjectives, and Verbs",
pages = "38",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5153"
}

Mišić, K., Anđelić, S., Osmani, D.,& Manojlović, M.. (2023). Estimating the Number of Senses and Sense Probability Distribution for Serbian Polysemous Nouns, Adjectives, and Verbs. in Knjiga rezimea, XXIX naučni skup Empirijska istraživanja u psihologiji, Filozofski fakultet, Beograd
Institut za psihologiju, Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu., 38.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5153

Mišić K, Anđelić S, Osmani D, Manojlović M. Estimating the Number of Senses and Sense Probability Distribution for Serbian Polysemous Nouns, Adjectives, and Verbs. in Knjiga rezimea, XXIX naučni skup Empirijska istraživanja u psihologiji, Filozofski fakultet, Beograd. 2023;:38.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5153 .

Mišić, Ksenija, Anđelić, Sara, Osmani, Dajana, Manojlović, Milica, "Estimating the Number of Senses and Sense Probability Distribution for Serbian Polysemous Nouns, Adjectives, and Verbs" in Knjiga rezimea, XXIX naučni skup Empirijska istraživanja u psihologiji, Filozofski fakultet, Beograd (2023):38,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5153 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Mišić, Ksenija
AU  - Anđelić, Sara
AU  - Ilić, Lenka
AU  - Osmani, Dajana
AU  - Manojlović, Milica
AU  - Filipović Đurđević, Dušica
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5127
AB  - The majority of words can denote multiple related objects/phenomena, i.e. can have multiple
related senses – so called polysemes. Understanding this linguistic phenomenon is therefore of
high importance both in terms of linguistic inquiries and in terms of psychological studies of
cognitive mechanisms. Previous research demonstrated that, in addition to the number of
senses, processing is also influenced by the balance of sense probabilities (Filipović Đurđević &
Kostić, 2021). However, the resources for the study of lexical ambiguity are very sparce (e.g. a
database of 150 polysemous Serbian nouns; Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2017). Additionally,
most of these effects were demonstrated either within a single part of speech category
(typically nouns) or for ambiguous words with senses that span across various part of speech
(e.g. a record / to record; as pointed out by Eddington & Tokowicz, 2015). Therefore, the goal of
this paper is to present a new open database containing raw and categorized native speakers’
semantic intuitions for 308 Serbian polysemous nouns (100), verbs (100), adjectives (108) and
multiple quantifications representing an array of the level of ambiguity indices.
For each of the polysemous words, we collected semantic intuitions of native speakers by using
the total meaning metric (Azuma, 1997). We then categorized the collected descriptions by
using three strategies: a) relying solely on semantic intuition, b) relying solely on dictionary
descriptions, and c) combining semantic intuitions and dictionary descriptions. Within each
strategy, we also monitored and investigated the effect of the coder (the researcher performing
the categorization) in order to explore the robustness of each approach. We then generated
the sense probability distributions for each word by counting the response frequencies across
created categories. In order to quantify the level of ambiguity, we calculated the number of
senses, redundancy, and entropy of the obtained sense probability distributions (Shannon,
1948; Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2017). Each measure, within each approach was also
corrected for the effects of idiosyncratic senses, reflexive verbs etc. This database will be
openly available and will provide a useful resource in ambiguity research. In future, this
database should be expanded with measures from word embeddings (i.e. BERT; Wiedemann et
al., 2019) that separate different word senses. This will allow for quantifying the level of
ambiguity on large-scale samples of text that may reveal a more precise estimation of sense
numbers and sense probabilities, and would allow for abandoning the counting-of-senses
approach (as suggested by Filipović Đurđević et al., 2009). Adding this to the database in the
future, and therefore allowing comparison to existing measures may allow another validation
point for measures derived from human participants.
PB  - Faculty of Philosophy in Novi Sad
C3  - Book of abstracts, 10th Novi Sad workshop on Psycholinguistic, neurolinguistic, and clinical linguistic research, April 22, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad
T1  - Open database of polysemous senses of 308 Serbian polysemous nouns, verbs, and adjectives
SP  - 27
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5127
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Mišić, Ksenija and Anđelić, Sara and Ilić, Lenka and Osmani, Dajana and Manojlović, Milica and Filipović Đurđević, Dušica",
year = "2023",
abstract = "The majority of words can denote multiple related objects/phenomena, i.e. can have multiple
related senses – so called polysemes. Understanding this linguistic phenomenon is therefore of
high importance both in terms of linguistic inquiries and in terms of psychological studies of
cognitive mechanisms. Previous research demonstrated that, in addition to the number of
senses, processing is also influenced by the balance of sense probabilities (Filipović Đurđević &
Kostić, 2021). However, the resources for the study of lexical ambiguity are very sparce (e.g. a
database of 150 polysemous Serbian nouns; Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2017). Additionally,
most of these effects were demonstrated either within a single part of speech category
(typically nouns) or for ambiguous words with senses that span across various part of speech
(e.g. a record / to record; as pointed out by Eddington & Tokowicz, 2015). Therefore, the goal of
this paper is to present a new open database containing raw and categorized native speakers’
semantic intuitions for 308 Serbian polysemous nouns (100), verbs (100), adjectives (108) and
multiple quantifications representing an array of the level of ambiguity indices.
For each of the polysemous words, we collected semantic intuitions of native speakers by using
the total meaning metric (Azuma, 1997). We then categorized the collected descriptions by
using three strategies: a) relying solely on semantic intuition, b) relying solely on dictionary
descriptions, and c) combining semantic intuitions and dictionary descriptions. Within each
strategy, we also monitored and investigated the effect of the coder (the researcher performing
the categorization) in order to explore the robustness of each approach. We then generated
the sense probability distributions for each word by counting the response frequencies across
created categories. In order to quantify the level of ambiguity, we calculated the number of
senses, redundancy, and entropy of the obtained sense probability distributions (Shannon,
1948; Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2017). Each measure, within each approach was also
corrected for the effects of idiosyncratic senses, reflexive verbs etc. This database will be
openly available and will provide a useful resource in ambiguity research. In future, this
database should be expanded with measures from word embeddings (i.e. BERT; Wiedemann et
al., 2019) that separate different word senses. This will allow for quantifying the level of
ambiguity on large-scale samples of text that may reveal a more precise estimation of sense
numbers and sense probabilities, and would allow for abandoning the counting-of-senses
approach (as suggested by Filipović Đurđević et al., 2009). Adding this to the database in the
future, and therefore allowing comparison to existing measures may allow another validation
point for measures derived from human participants.",
publisher = "Faculty of Philosophy in Novi Sad",
journal = "Book of abstracts, 10th Novi Sad workshop on Psycholinguistic, neurolinguistic, and clinical linguistic research, April 22, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad",
title = "Open database of polysemous senses of 308 Serbian polysemous nouns, verbs, and adjectives",
pages = "27",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5127"
}

Mišić, K., Anđelić, S., Ilić, L., Osmani, D., Manojlović, M.,& Filipović Đurđević, D.. (2023). Open database of polysemous senses of 308 Serbian polysemous nouns, verbs, and adjectives. in Book of abstracts, 10th Novi Sad workshop on Psycholinguistic, neurolinguistic, and clinical linguistic research, April 22, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad
Faculty of Philosophy in Novi Sad., 27.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5127

Mišić K, Anđelić S, Ilić L, Osmani D, Manojlović M, Filipović Đurđević D. Open database of polysemous senses of 308 Serbian polysemous nouns, verbs, and adjectives. in Book of abstracts, 10th Novi Sad workshop on Psycholinguistic, neurolinguistic, and clinical linguistic research, April 22, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad. 2023;:27.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5127 .

Mišić, Ksenija, Anđelić, Sara, Ilić, Lenka, Osmani, Dajana, Manojlović, Milica, Filipović Đurđević, Dušica, "Open database of polysemous senses of 308 Serbian polysemous nouns, verbs, and adjectives" in Book of abstracts, 10th Novi Sad workshop on Psycholinguistic, neurolinguistic, and clinical linguistic research, April 22, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad (2023):27,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5127 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Mišić, Ksenija
AU  - Manojlović, Milica
AU  - Filipović Đurđević, Dušica
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5134
AB  - Polysemous words have multiple related senses and represent one of the most
widespread phenomena in language (Rodd et al., 2004). When presented in isolation in
a word recognition task (e.g. visual lexical decision task), such words are typically
processed faster than unambiguous words due to sense relatedness facilitating the
activation of all senses. However, when presenting a word in a task that demands
activation of one particular sense, or within a context that primes one of the senses, the
processing becomes slower (Armstrong & Plaut, 2016), as a restriction to one sense
occurs, leading to competition between senses. This increase in processing time
depends on sense probability (dominance effect). Priming the most probable
(dominant) sense leads to a smaller processing lag, compared to priming the less
probable (subordinate) sense. We hypothesise that this effect will not depend solely on
the dominance status of the primed sense but on the full sense probability distribution
described by entropy (Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2021). If a polysemous word is
presented within a neutral context, we expect a facilitatory entropy effect as if it were
presented in isolation. Priming the dominant sense was expected to annul the entropy
effect, as low competition occurs. Priming the subordinate sense was expected to lead
to an inversion of the entropy effect.
To test the cross between dominance and entropy effects we presented each of the 102
Serbian polysemous nouns in three sentences. One where the context was neutral
regarding any of the senses, one sentence priming the dominant sense, and one
sentence priming one of the subordinate senses. These 306 sentences were split into
three lists using a Latin square design, such that each participant saw all 102 words, but
the exact condition varied between participants. In addition, we included 60 filler
sentences, with comprehension questions to keep participants’ attention on reading.
Sentences were presented in the moving window self-paced reading task to 196
participants. Mixed-effect regression revealed that priming dominant senses led to
slower processing compared to neutral (ꞵ = -.07, S.E. = .02, df = .03, t = -2.64, p = .008,
baseline: dominant priming condition). No significant differences were found between
the dominant and subordinate priming conditions (ꞵ = .04, S.E. = .02, df = .03, t = -1.67, p
= .095), although the trend suggests our hypotheses regarding the dominance effect
were correct. Neither the entropy effect nor the interaction between the dominance
priming condition and entropy were significant.
Our results partially support our hypotheses. Priming a particular sense did lead to
slower processing of polysemous words, but differences between probabilities of the
primed senses did not clearly point to a larger slowing down of processing for
subordinate senses. No entropy effects were significant, opening further questions on
in-context processing of polysemous words.
PB  - Faculty of Philosophy in Novi Sad
C3  - Book of abstracts, Current Trends in psychology, Faculty of Philosophy in Novi Sad, October 26-28
T1  - Do dominance effects for polysemous words depend on sense probabilities?
EP  - 123
SP  - 122
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5134
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Mišić, Ksenija and Manojlović, Milica and Filipović Đurđević, Dušica",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Polysemous words have multiple related senses and represent one of the most
widespread phenomena in language (Rodd et al., 2004). When presented in isolation in
a word recognition task (e.g. visual lexical decision task), such words are typically
processed faster than unambiguous words due to sense relatedness facilitating the
activation of all senses. However, when presenting a word in a task that demands
activation of one particular sense, or within a context that primes one of the senses, the
processing becomes slower (Armstrong & Plaut, 2016), as a restriction to one sense
occurs, leading to competition between senses. This increase in processing time
depends on sense probability (dominance effect). Priming the most probable
(dominant) sense leads to a smaller processing lag, compared to priming the less
probable (subordinate) sense. We hypothesise that this effect will not depend solely on
the dominance status of the primed sense but on the full sense probability distribution
described by entropy (Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2021). If a polysemous word is
presented within a neutral context, we expect a facilitatory entropy effect as if it were
presented in isolation. Priming the dominant sense was expected to annul the entropy
effect, as low competition occurs. Priming the subordinate sense was expected to lead
to an inversion of the entropy effect.
To test the cross between dominance and entropy effects we presented each of the 102
Serbian polysemous nouns in three sentences. One where the context was neutral
regarding any of the senses, one sentence priming the dominant sense, and one
sentence priming one of the subordinate senses. These 306 sentences were split into
three lists using a Latin square design, such that each participant saw all 102 words, but
the exact condition varied between participants. In addition, we included 60 filler
sentences, with comprehension questions to keep participants’ attention on reading.
Sentences were presented in the moving window self-paced reading task to 196
participants. Mixed-effect regression revealed that priming dominant senses led to
slower processing compared to neutral (ꞵ = -.07, S.E. = .02, df = .03, t = -2.64, p = .008,
baseline: dominant priming condition). No significant differences were found between
the dominant and subordinate priming conditions (ꞵ = .04, S.E. = .02, df = .03, t = -1.67, p
= .095), although the trend suggests our hypotheses regarding the dominance effect
were correct. Neither the entropy effect nor the interaction between the dominance
priming condition and entropy were significant.
Our results partially support our hypotheses. Priming a particular sense did lead to
slower processing of polysemous words, but differences between probabilities of the
primed senses did not clearly point to a larger slowing down of processing for
subordinate senses. No entropy effects were significant, opening further questions on
in-context processing of polysemous words.",
publisher = "Faculty of Philosophy in Novi Sad",
journal = "Book of abstracts, Current Trends in psychology, Faculty of Philosophy in Novi Sad, October 26-28",
title = "Do dominance effects for polysemous words depend on sense probabilities?",
pages = "123-122",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5134"
}

Mišić, K., Manojlović, M.,& Filipović Đurđević, D.. (2023). Do dominance effects for polysemous words depend on sense probabilities?. in Book of abstracts, Current Trends in psychology, Faculty of Philosophy in Novi Sad, October 26-28
Faculty of Philosophy in Novi Sad., 122-123.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5134

Mišić K, Manojlović M, Filipović Đurđević D. Do dominance effects for polysemous words depend on sense probabilities?. in Book of abstracts, Current Trends in psychology, Faculty of Philosophy in Novi Sad, October 26-28. 2023;:122-123.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5134 .

Mišić, Ksenija, Manojlović, Milica, Filipović Đurđević, Dušica, "Do dominance effects for polysemous words depend on sense probabilities?" in Book of abstracts, Current Trends in psychology, Faculty of Philosophy in Novi Sad, October 26-28 (2023):122-123,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5134 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Popović Stijačić, Milica
AU  - Mišić, Ksenija
AU  - Filipović Đurđević, Dušica
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5631
AB  - A few studies explored the influence of situational factors on the Emotional valence (EV) and
Arousal (A) of words. Dellatorre et al. (2019) showed that participants were less aroused by
positively valenced words under suspense, while Plahchuelo et al. (2020) recorded lower A
estimates during the COVID-19 lockdown. To test the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic,
we compared the EV and A estimates of Serbian words collected during 2018 (the 1st point)
with the new ratings collected at the beginning of the pandemic in 2020 (the 2nd point) and in
the summer of 2022 (the 3rd point).
In the 1st and 2nd measurements, participants were different groups of psychology students
(N1=40, N2=42; Dage= 19, ~90% women); in the 3rd measurement, participants were
accessed via social networks (N3=100; Mage=41.7±8, 86% women). The number of words
presented to participants varied across three data collection waves (N1=2100, N2=802,
N3=882). For EV, extremes of the bipolar scale represented negative (1) and positive (7)
words. A was rated on a unipolar scale (low extreme represented words low in A).
The EV and A estimates from the 2nd and 3rd waves showed high correlations with those
collected during 2018 (the 1st and 2nd wave correlations: rEV(800)=.93; .90, p<.001;
rA(800)=.76;.70, p<.001). A new finding concerns a relationship between EV and A estimates
usually described via a quadratic or U-function. Such a relationship was recorded in the 1st
wave (r(800)=-.29, p<.001) but not during the 2nd and 3rd waves. The relationship became
nearly linear (r=-.55, p<.001) in the 2nd wave and perfectly linear in the 3rd (r=-.77, p<.001),
indicating that participants became more aroused by negative and less by positive words
(Figure 1). Since the linearity persisted after the pandemic, we hypothesized that people still
feel that situational circumstances are unfavorable, especially considering the Ukrainian
situation that began in the spring of 2022.
C3  - Abstract Book, Words in the World International Conference
T1  - Where the U shape gone? Post covid change in the relationship of emotional valence and arousal of words
EP  - 133
SP  - 132
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5631
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Popović Stijačić, Milica and Mišić, Ksenija and Filipović Đurđević, Dušica",
year = "2023",
abstract = "A few studies explored the influence of situational factors on the Emotional valence (EV) and
Arousal (A) of words. Dellatorre et al. (2019) showed that participants were less aroused by
positively valenced words under suspense, while Plahchuelo et al. (2020) recorded lower A
estimates during the COVID-19 lockdown. To test the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic,
we compared the EV and A estimates of Serbian words collected during 2018 (the 1st point)
with the new ratings collected at the beginning of the pandemic in 2020 (the 2nd point) and in
the summer of 2022 (the 3rd point).
In the 1st and 2nd measurements, participants were different groups of psychology students
(N1=40, N2=42; Dage= 19, ~90% women); in the 3rd measurement, participants were
accessed via social networks (N3=100; Mage=41.7±8, 86% women). The number of words
presented to participants varied across three data collection waves (N1=2100, N2=802,
N3=882). For EV, extremes of the bipolar scale represented negative (1) and positive (7)
words. A was rated on a unipolar scale (low extreme represented words low in A).
The EV and A estimates from the 2nd and 3rd waves showed high correlations with those
collected during 2018 (the 1st and 2nd wave correlations: rEV(800)=.93; .90, p<.001;
rA(800)=.76;.70, p<.001). A new finding concerns a relationship between EV and A estimates
usually described via a quadratic or U-function. Such a relationship was recorded in the 1st
wave (r(800)=-.29, p<.001) but not during the 2nd and 3rd waves. The relationship became
nearly linear (r=-.55, p<.001) in the 2nd wave and perfectly linear in the 3rd (r=-.77, p<.001),
indicating that participants became more aroused by negative and less by positive words
(Figure 1). Since the linearity persisted after the pandemic, we hypothesized that people still
feel that situational circumstances are unfavorable, especially considering the Ukrainian
situation that began in the spring of 2022.",
journal = "Abstract Book, Words in the World International Conference",
title = "Where the U shape gone? Post covid change in the relationship of emotional valence and arousal of words",
pages = "133-132",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5631"
}

Popović Stijačić, M., Mišić, K.,& Filipović Đurđević, D.. (2023). Where the U shape gone? Post covid change in the relationship of emotional valence and arousal of words. in Abstract Book, Words in the World International Conference, 132-133.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5631

Popović Stijačić M, Mišić K, Filipović Đurđević D. Where the U shape gone? Post covid change in the relationship of emotional valence and arousal of words. in Abstract Book, Words in the World International Conference. 2023;:132-133.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5631 .

Popović Stijačić, Milica, Mišić, Ksenija, Filipović Đurđević, Dušica, "Where the U shape gone? Post covid change in the relationship of emotional valence and arousal of words" in Abstract Book, Words in the World International Conference (2023):132-133,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5631 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Siegelman, N
AU  - Elgort, I
AU  - Brysbaert, M
AU  - Agrawal, N
AU  - Amenta, S
AU  - Arsenijević Mijalković, J
AU  - Chang, C.S.
AU  - Chernova, D
AU  - Chetail, F
AU  - Clarke, A.J.B.
AU  - Content, A
AU  - Crepaldi, D
AU  - Davaabold, N
AU  - Delgersuren, S
AU  - Deutsch, A
AU  - Dibrova, V
AU  - Drieghe, D
AU  - Filipović Đurđević, Dušica
AU  - Finch, B
AU  - Frost, R
AU  - Gattei, C.A.
AU  - Geva, E
AU  - Godfroid, A
AU  - Griener, L
AU  - Hernández-Rivera, E
AU  - Ivanenko, A
AU  - Järvikivi, J
AU  - Kawaletz, L
AU  - Khare, A
AU  - Lee, J.R.
AU  - Lee, C.E.
AU  - Manouilidou, C
AU  - Marelli, M
AU  - Mashanlo, T
AU  - Mišić, Ksenija
AU  - Miwa, K
AU  - Palma, P
AU  - Plag, I
AU  - Rezanova, Z
AU  - Riimed, E
AU  - Rueckl, J
AU  - Schroeder, S
AU  - Sekerina, I.A.
AU  - Shalom, D.E.
AU  - Slioussar, N
AU  - Slosar, N.M.
AU  - Taler, V
AU  - Thériault, K
AU  - Titone, D
AU  - Tumee, O
AU  - Wetering, R.V.D.
AU  - Verma, A
AU  - Weiss, A.F.
AU  - Wu, D.H.
AU  - Kuperman, V.
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4503
AB  - This article presents the ENglish Reading Online (ENRO) project that offers data on English reading and listening comprehension from 7,338 university-level advanced learners and native speakers of English representing 19 countries. The database also includes estimates of reading rate and seven component skills of English, including vocabulary, spelling, and grammar, as well as rich demographic and language background data. We first demonstrate high reliability for ENRO tests and their convergent validity with existing meta-analyses. We then provide a bird's-eye view of first (L1) and second (L2) language comparisons and examine the relative role of various predictors of reading and listening comprehension and reading speed. Across analyses, we found substantially more overlap than differences between L1 and L2 speakers, suggesting that English reading proficiency is best considered across a continuum of skill, ability, and experiences spanning L1 and L2 speakers alike. We end by providing pointers for how researchers can mine ENRO data for future studies.
PB  - Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of LanguageLearning Research Club, University of Michigan
T2  - Language Learning
T1  - Rethinking First Language–Second Language Similarities and Differences in English Proficiency: Insights From the ENglish Reading Online (ENRO) Project
DO  - doi.org/10.1111/lang.12586
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Siegelman, N and Elgort, I and Brysbaert, M and Agrawal, N and Amenta, S and Arsenijević Mijalković, J and Chang, C.S. and Chernova, D and Chetail, F and Clarke, A.J.B. and Content, A and Crepaldi, D and Davaabold, N and Delgersuren, S and Deutsch, A and Dibrova, V and Drieghe, D and Filipović Đurđević, Dušica and Finch, B and Frost, R and Gattei, C.A. and Geva, E and Godfroid, A and Griener, L and Hernández-Rivera, E and Ivanenko, A and Järvikivi, J and Kawaletz, L and Khare, A and Lee, J.R. and Lee, C.E. and Manouilidou, C and Marelli, M and Mashanlo, T and Mišić, Ksenija and Miwa, K and Palma, P and Plag, I and Rezanova, Z and Riimed, E and Rueckl, J and Schroeder, S and Sekerina, I.A. and Shalom, D.E. and Slioussar, N and Slosar, N.M. and Taler, V and Thériault, K and Titone, D and Tumee, O and Wetering, R.V.D. and Verma, A and Weiss, A.F. and Wu, D.H. and Kuperman, V.",
year = "2023",
abstract = "This article presents the ENglish Reading Online (ENRO) project that offers data on English reading and listening comprehension from 7,338 university-level advanced learners and native speakers of English representing 19 countries. The database also includes estimates of reading rate and seven component skills of English, including vocabulary, spelling, and grammar, as well as rich demographic and language background data. We first demonstrate high reliability for ENRO tests and their convergent validity with existing meta-analyses. We then provide a bird's-eye view of first (L1) and second (L2) language comparisons and examine the relative role of various predictors of reading and listening comprehension and reading speed. Across analyses, we found substantially more overlap than differences between L1 and L2 speakers, suggesting that English reading proficiency is best considered across a continuum of skill, ability, and experiences spanning L1 and L2 speakers alike. We end by providing pointers for how researchers can mine ENRO data for future studies.",
publisher = "Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of LanguageLearning Research Club, University of Michigan",
journal = "Language Learning",
title = "Rethinking First Language–Second Language Similarities and Differences in English Proficiency: Insights From the ENglish Reading Online (ENRO) Project",
doi = "doi.org/10.1111/lang.12586"
}

Siegelman, N., Elgort, I., Brysbaert, M., Agrawal, N., Amenta, S., Arsenijević Mijalković, J., Chang, C.S., Chernova, D., Chetail, F., Clarke, A.J.B., Content, A., Crepaldi, D., Davaabold, N., Delgersuren, S., Deutsch, A., Dibrova, V., Drieghe, D., Filipović Đurđević, D., Finch, B., Frost, R., Gattei, C.A., Geva, E., Godfroid, A., Griener, L., Hernández-Rivera, E., Ivanenko, A., Järvikivi, J., Kawaletz, L., Khare, A., Lee, J.R., Lee, C.E., Manouilidou, C., Marelli, M., Mashanlo, T., Mišić, K., Miwa, K., Palma, P., Plag, I., Rezanova, Z., Riimed, E., Rueckl, J., Schroeder, S., Sekerina, I.A., Shalom, D.E., Slioussar, N., Slosar, N.M., Taler, V., Thériault, K., Titone, D., Tumee, O., Wetering, R.V.D., Verma, A., Weiss, A.F., Wu, D.H.,& Kuperman, V.. (2023). Rethinking First Language–Second Language Similarities and Differences in English Proficiency: Insights From the ENglish Reading Online (ENRO) Project. in Language Learning
Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of LanguageLearning Research Club, University of Michigan..
https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1111/lang.12586

Siegelman N, Elgort I, Brysbaert M, Agrawal N, Amenta S, Arsenijević Mijalković J, Chang C, Chernova D, Chetail F, Clarke A, Content A, Crepaldi D, Davaabold N, Delgersuren S, Deutsch A, Dibrova V, Drieghe D, Filipović Đurđević D, Finch B, Frost R, Gattei C, Geva E, Godfroid A, Griener L, Hernández-Rivera E, Ivanenko A, Järvikivi J, Kawaletz L, Khare A, Lee J, Lee C, Manouilidou C, Marelli M, Mashanlo T, Mišić K, Miwa K, Palma P, Plag I, Rezanova Z, Riimed E, Rueckl J, Schroeder S, Sekerina I, Shalom D, Slioussar N, Slosar N, Taler V, Thériault K, Titone D, Tumee O, Wetering R, Verma A, Weiss A, Wu D, Kuperman V. Rethinking First Language–Second Language Similarities and Differences in English Proficiency: Insights From the ENglish Reading Online (ENRO) Project. in Language Learning. 2023;.
doi:doi.org/10.1111/lang.12586 .

Siegelman, N, Elgort, I, Brysbaert, M, Agrawal, N, Amenta, S, Arsenijević Mijalković, J, Chang, C.S., Chernova, D, Chetail, F, Clarke, A.J.B., Content, A, Crepaldi, D, Davaabold, N, Delgersuren, S, Deutsch, A, Dibrova, V, Drieghe, D, Filipović Đurđević, Dušica, Finch, B, Frost, R, Gattei, C.A., Geva, E, Godfroid, A, Griener, L, Hernández-Rivera, E, Ivanenko, A, Järvikivi, J, Kawaletz, L, Khare, A, Lee, J.R., Lee, C.E., Manouilidou, C, Marelli, M, Mashanlo, T, Mišić, Ksenija, Miwa, K, Palma, P, Plag, I, Rezanova, Z, Riimed, E, Rueckl, J, Schroeder, S, Sekerina, I.A., Shalom, D.E., Slioussar, N, Slosar, N.M., Taler, V, Thériault, K, Titone, D, Tumee, O, Wetering, R.V.D., Verma, A, Weiss, A.F., Wu, D.H., Kuperman, V., "Rethinking First Language–Second Language Similarities and Differences in English Proficiency: Insights From the ENglish Reading Online (ENRO) Project" in Language Learning (2023),
https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1111/lang.12586 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Popović Stijačić, Milica
AU  - Filipović Đurđević, Dušica
AU  - Mišić, Ksenija
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4502
AB  - In this study, we collected affective ratings of emotional valence and arousal for 882 Serbian words and compared their values at three points in time: before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (2018), during the COVID-19 lockdown (2020) and after the government measures were abandoned (2022). Although valence ratings were more stable than arousal ratings, we did not observe a significant change in either valence or arousal ratings across the time points. A more detailed look into the data revealed the change in arousal that was different across the valence values. Our analyses demonstrated that, upon the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, emotionally negative words elicited higher arousal ratings, whereas emotionally positive words elicited lower arousal ratings. It revealed that our participants became more sensitive to the negative content and less sensitive to the positive content. We hypothesized that this pattern could be linked to reduced resilience and consequently could represent a mental health risk.
T2  - PsyArXiv  Preprints
T1  - Flattening the curve: COVID-19 induced a decrease in arousal for positive and an increase in arousal for negative words
EP  - 
DO  - 10.31234/osf.io/zxy72
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Popović Stijačić, Milica and Filipović Đurđević, Dušica and Mišić, Ksenija",
year = "2023",
abstract = "In this study, we collected affective ratings of emotional valence and arousal for 882 Serbian words and compared their values at three points in time: before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (2018), during the COVID-19 lockdown (2020) and after the government measures were abandoned (2022). Although valence ratings were more stable than arousal ratings, we did not observe a significant change in either valence or arousal ratings across the time points. A more detailed look into the data revealed the change in arousal that was different across the valence values. Our analyses demonstrated that, upon the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, emotionally negative words elicited higher arousal ratings, whereas emotionally positive words elicited lower arousal ratings. It revealed that our participants became more sensitive to the negative content and less sensitive to the positive content. We hypothesized that this pattern could be linked to reduced resilience and consequently could represent a mental health risk.",
journal = "PsyArXiv  Preprints",
title = "Flattening the curve: COVID-19 induced a decrease in arousal for positive and an increase in arousal for negative words",
pages = "",
doi = "10.31234/osf.io/zxy72"
}

Popović Stijačić, M., Filipović Đurđević, D.,& Mišić, K.. (2023). Flattening the curve: COVID-19 induced a decrease in arousal for positive and an increase in arousal for negative words. in PsyArXiv  Preprints.
https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/zxy72

Popović Stijačić M, Filipović Đurđević D, Mišić K. Flattening the curve: COVID-19 induced a decrease in arousal for positive and an increase in arousal for negative words. in PsyArXiv  Preprints. 2023;:null-.
doi:10.31234/osf.io/zxy72 .

Popović Stijačić, Milica, Filipović Đurđević, Dušica, Mišić, Ksenija, "Flattening the curve: COVID-19 induced a decrease in arousal for positive and an increase in arousal for negative words" in PsyArXiv  Preprints (2023),
https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/zxy72 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Loenneker, Hannah Dorothea
AU  - Buchanan, Erin M.
AU  - Martinovici, Ana
AU  - Primbs, Maximilian A.
AU  - Elsherif, Mahmoud Medhat
AU  - Baker, Bradley J.
AU  - Dudda, Leonie A.
AU  - Filipović Đurđević, Dušica
AU  - Mišić, Ksenija
AU  - Peetz, Hannah K.
AU  - Röer, Jan Philipp
AU  - Schulze, Lars
AU  - Wagner, Lisa
AU  - Wolska, Julia  Katharina
AU  - Kührt, Corinna
AU  - Pronizius, Ekaterina
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5630
AB  - In behavioral, cognitive, and social sciences, reaction time measures are an important source of information. However, analyses on reaction time data are affected by researchers’ analytical choices and the order in which these choices are applied. The results of a systematic literature review, presented in this paper, revealed that the justification for and order in which analytical choices are conducted are rarely reported, leading to difficulty in reproducing results and interpreting mixed findings. To address this methodological shortcoming, we created a checklist on reporting reaction time pre-processing to make these decisions more explicit, improve transparency, and thus, promote best practices within the field. The importance of the pre-processing checklist was additionally supported by an expert consensus survey and a multiverse analysis. Consequently, we appeal for maximal transparency on all methods applied and offer a checklist to improve replicability and reproducibility of studies that use reaction time measures.
T2  - Cortex
T1  - We Don’t Know What You Did Last Summer. On the Importance of Transparent Reporting of Reaction Time Data Pre-processing
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2023.11.012
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Loenneker, Hannah Dorothea and Buchanan, Erin M. and Martinovici, Ana and Primbs, Maximilian A. and Elsherif, Mahmoud Medhat and Baker, Bradley J. and Dudda, Leonie A. and Filipović Đurđević, Dušica and Mišić, Ksenija and Peetz, Hannah K. and Röer, Jan Philipp and Schulze, Lars and Wagner, Lisa and Wolska, Julia  Katharina and Kührt, Corinna and Pronizius, Ekaterina",
year = "2023",
abstract = "In behavioral, cognitive, and social sciences, reaction time measures are an important source of information. However, analyses on reaction time data are affected by researchers’ analytical choices and the order in which these choices are applied. The results of a systematic literature review, presented in this paper, revealed that the justification for and order in which analytical choices are conducted are rarely reported, leading to difficulty in reproducing results and interpreting mixed findings. To address this methodological shortcoming, we created a checklist on reporting reaction time pre-processing to make these decisions more explicit, improve transparency, and thus, promote best practices within the field. The importance of the pre-processing checklist was additionally supported by an expert consensus survey and a multiverse analysis. Consequently, we appeal for maximal transparency on all methods applied and offer a checklist to improve replicability and reproducibility of studies that use reaction time measures.",
journal = "Cortex",
title = "We Don’t Know What You Did Last Summer. On the Importance of Transparent Reporting of Reaction Time Data Pre-processing",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2023.11.012"
}

Loenneker, H. D., Buchanan, E. M., Martinovici, A., Primbs, M. A., Elsherif, M. M., Baker, B. J., Dudda, L. A., Filipović Đurđević, D., Mišić, K., Peetz, H. K., Röer, J. P., Schulze, L., Wagner, L., Wolska, Julia  Katharina, Kührt, C.,& Pronizius, E.. (2023). We Don’t Know What You Did Last Summer. On the Importance of Transparent Reporting of Reaction Time Data Pre-processing. in Cortex.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2023.11.012

Loenneker HD, Buchanan EM, Martinovici A, Primbs MA, Elsherif MM, Baker BJ, Dudda LA, Filipović Đurđević D, Mišić K, Peetz HK, Röer JP, Schulze L, Wagner L, Wolska, Julia  Katharina, Kührt C, Pronizius E. We Don’t Know What You Did Last Summer. On the Importance of Transparent Reporting of Reaction Time Data Pre-processing. in Cortex. 2023;.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2023.11.012 .

Loenneker, Hannah Dorothea, Buchanan, Erin M., Martinovici, Ana, Primbs, Maximilian A., Elsherif, Mahmoud Medhat, Baker, Bradley J., Dudda, Leonie A., Filipović Đurđević, Dušica, Mišić, Ksenija, Peetz, Hannah K., Röer, Jan Philipp, Schulze, Lars, Wagner, Lisa, Wolska, Julia  Katharina, Kührt, Corinna, Pronizius, Ekaterina, "We Don’t Know What You Did Last Summer. On the Importance of Transparent Reporting of Reaction Time Data Pre-processing" in Cortex (2023),
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2023.11.012 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Popović Stijačić, Milica
AU  - Mišić, Ksenija
AU  - Filipović Đurđević, Dušica
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5124
AB  - In this study, we compared affective ratings of emotional valence and arousal for 882 Serbian words at three points in time: before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (2018), during the COVID-19 lockdown (2020), and after the government measures were abandoned (2022). We did not observe a significant change in average valence or arousal ratings across time points. A more detailed look into the data revealed the change in arousal that was different across the valence values. An increase in their linear correlations and a decrease in the nonlinearity of the GAMM smooth demonstrated that, upon the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, emotionally negative words elicited higher arousal ratings, whereas emotionally positive words elicited lower arousal ratings. It revealed that our participants became more sensitive to the negative content and less sensitive to the positive content. Our results add to the findings, which showed that the relationship between emotional valence and arousal is a function of contextual factors, which primarily influence the arousal of words.
PB  - Cambridge University Press
T2  - Applied Psycholinguistics
T1  - Flattening the curve: COVID-19 induced a decrease in arousal for positive and an increase in arousal for negative words
EP  - 21
SP  - 1
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716423000425
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Popović Stijačić, Milica and Mišić, Ksenija and Filipović Đurđević, Dušica",
year = "2023",
abstract = "In this study, we compared affective ratings of emotional valence and arousal for 882 Serbian words at three points in time: before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (2018), during the COVID-19 lockdown (2020), and after the government measures were abandoned (2022). We did not observe a significant change in average valence or arousal ratings across time points. A more detailed look into the data revealed the change in arousal that was different across the valence values. An increase in their linear correlations and a decrease in the nonlinearity of the GAMM smooth demonstrated that, upon the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, emotionally negative words elicited higher arousal ratings, whereas emotionally positive words elicited lower arousal ratings. It revealed that our participants became more sensitive to the negative content and less sensitive to the positive content. Our results add to the findings, which showed that the relationship between emotional valence and arousal is a function of contextual factors, which primarily influence the arousal of words.",
publisher = "Cambridge University Press",
journal = "Applied Psycholinguistics",
title = "Flattening the curve: COVID-19 induced a decrease in arousal for positive and an increase in arousal for negative words",
pages = "21-1",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716423000425"
}

Popović Stijačić, M., Mišić, K.,& Filipović Đurđević, D.. (2023). Flattening the curve: COVID-19 induced a decrease in arousal for positive and an increase in arousal for negative words. in Applied Psycholinguistics
Cambridge University Press., 1-21.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716423000425

Popović Stijačić M, Mišić K, Filipović Đurđević D. Flattening the curve: COVID-19 induced a decrease in arousal for positive and an increase in arousal for negative words. in Applied Psycholinguistics. 2023;:1-21.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716423000425 .

Popović Stijačić, Milica, Mišić, Ksenija, Filipović Đurđević, Dušica, "Flattening the curve: COVID-19 induced a decrease in arousal for positive and an increase in arousal for negative words" in Applied Psycholinguistics (2023):1-21,
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716423000425 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Popović Stijačić, Milica
AU  - Mišić, Ksenija
AU  - Filipović Đurđević, Dušica
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5126
AB  - During the last two years, we witnessed the coronavirus pandemic and its impact over the
mental health (e.g. Damnjanović et al., 2020; Rudroff et al., 2020). Previous research showed
that emotional valence (EV) and arousal (A) ratings change under suspense (Delatorre et al.,
2019), while Planchuelo et al. (2020) recorded lower A estimates during the COVID-19
lockdown. Having this in mind, we assumed that isolation due to quarantine would change how
we emotionally experience words and that the EV and A estimates from post COVID-19 period
should be similar to those collected in 2018. To answer this hypothesis, we compared the EV
and A estimates collected during 2018 (the first wave), with the new ratings collected at the
beginning of the pandemic in 2020 (the second wave) and in the summer of 2022 (the third
wave). In the first and second wave, participants were psychology students (N1 = 40, N2 = 42;
Dage = 19, ~90% women); in the third wave, participants were accessed via social networks (N3
= 100; Mage= 41.7±8, 86% women). The number of words presented to participants varied
across three data collection waves (N1 = 2100, N2 =8 02, N3 = 882). For EV, extremes of the
bipolar scale represented negative (1) and positive (7) words. Arousal was rated on a unipolar
scale, where low extreme represented words low in arousal and high extreme highly arousing
words. The middle point (4) represented neutral words in both scales. The EV and A estimates
from the second and third waves showed high correlations with those collected during 2018
(the first and second wave correlations: rEV(800) = .93; .90, p < .001; rA(800) = .76; .70, p <
.001). The EV is a more stable indicator of the emotional experience of words, compared to
the A, which was in accordance with previous normative studies. A new finding concerns a
relationship between EV and A estimates usually described via a quadratic or U-function
(Bradley & Lang, 1999), indicating that negative and positive words excite us more, while we
are indifferent to neutral words. Such a relationship was recorded in the first wave (r(800) = -
.29, p < .001) but not during the second and third waves. The relationship became nearly linear
(r = - .55, p < .001) in the second wave and perfectly linear in the third (r = -.77, p<.001). Our
results revealed that our participants became more sensitive to the negative content and less
sensitive to the positive content. This pattern could be linked to reduced resilience and may
represent a mental health risk.
PB  - Institute for Psychology and Laboratory for Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade
C3  - Book of Abstracts, XXIX Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, March 31-April 2
T1  - Still under stress? Post pandemic change in the relationship of affective dimensions of words
SP  - 39
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5126
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Popović Stijačić, Milica and Mišić, Ksenija and Filipović Đurđević, Dušica",
year = "2023",
abstract = "During the last two years, we witnessed the coronavirus pandemic and its impact over the
mental health (e.g. Damnjanović et al., 2020; Rudroff et al., 2020). Previous research showed
that emotional valence (EV) and arousal (A) ratings change under suspense (Delatorre et al.,
2019), while Planchuelo et al. (2020) recorded lower A estimates during the COVID-19
lockdown. Having this in mind, we assumed that isolation due to quarantine would change how
we emotionally experience words and that the EV and A estimates from post COVID-19 period
should be similar to those collected in 2018. To answer this hypothesis, we compared the EV
and A estimates collected during 2018 (the first wave), with the new ratings collected at the
beginning of the pandemic in 2020 (the second wave) and in the summer of 2022 (the third
wave). In the first and second wave, participants were psychology students (N1 = 40, N2 = 42;
Dage = 19, ~90% women); in the third wave, participants were accessed via social networks (N3
= 100; Mage= 41.7±8, 86% women). The number of words presented to participants varied
across three data collection waves (N1 = 2100, N2 =8 02, N3 = 882). For EV, extremes of the
bipolar scale represented negative (1) and positive (7) words. Arousal was rated on a unipolar
scale, where low extreme represented words low in arousal and high extreme highly arousing
words. The middle point (4) represented neutral words in both scales. The EV and A estimates
from the second and third waves showed high correlations with those collected during 2018
(the first and second wave correlations: rEV(800) = .93; .90, p < .001; rA(800) = .76; .70, p <
.001). The EV is a more stable indicator of the emotional experience of words, compared to
the A, which was in accordance with previous normative studies. A new finding concerns a
relationship between EV and A estimates usually described via a quadratic or U-function
(Bradley & Lang, 1999), indicating that negative and positive words excite us more, while we
are indifferent to neutral words. Such a relationship was recorded in the first wave (r(800) = -
.29, p < .001) but not during the second and third waves. The relationship became nearly linear
(r = - .55, p < .001) in the second wave and perfectly linear in the third (r = -.77, p<.001). Our
results revealed that our participants became more sensitive to the negative content and less
sensitive to the positive content. This pattern could be linked to reduced resilience and may
represent a mental health risk.",
publisher = "Institute for Psychology and Laboratory for Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade",
journal = "Book of Abstracts, XXIX Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, March 31-April 2",
title = "Still under stress? Post pandemic change in the relationship of affective dimensions of words",
pages = "39",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5126"
}

Popović Stijačić, M., Mišić, K.,& Filipović Đurđević, D.. (2023). Still under stress? Post pandemic change in the relationship of affective dimensions of words. in Book of Abstracts, XXIX Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, March 31-April 2
Institute for Psychology and Laboratory for Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade., 39.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5126

Popović Stijačić M, Mišić K, Filipović Đurđević D. Still under stress? Post pandemic change in the relationship of affective dimensions of words. in Book of Abstracts, XXIX Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, March 31-April 2. 2023;:39.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5126 .

Popović Stijačić, Milica, Mišić, Ksenija, Filipović Đurđević, Dušica, "Still under stress? Post pandemic change in the relationship of affective dimensions of words" in Book of Abstracts, XXIX Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, March 31-April 2 (2023):39,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5126 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Manojlović, Milica
AU  - Mišić, Ksenija
AU  - Filipović Đurđević, Dušica
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5138
AB  - Entropy is a measure of sense uncertainty within polysemous words. The more senses a word has and the more balanced their probabilities are, the sense uncertainty is higher, i.e. the word is more ambiguous (Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2016). Previous research revealed the facilitatory effect of entropy on processing latency in visual lexical decision task (VLDT; Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2021; Mišić & Filipović Đurđević, 2021). This is frequently attributed to simultaneous activation of multiple related senses. In this paper we test the underlying assumption that if we were to restrict semantic activation to a single sense the advantage of widespread activation of related senses (i.e. the facilitatory effect of entropy) would disappear. One way to achieve this is by putting polysemous words in contexts constructed to evoke specific senses. Our prediction is that the entropy effect would disappear in sentences targeting specific senses, but prevail in ones that manage to maintain semantic ambiguity. A total of 86 participants took part in the self-paced reading task. Each of 102 polysemous words was presented in three sentences - to evoke the dominant, one of the subordinate senses, and in a neutral context that did not elicit any specific sense, mimicking the VLDT situation. Sentences were presented using the Latin square design between participants and words. Linear mixed effect regression analysis revealed that, compared to the neutral context, target words were processed more slowly in the context pertaining to the dominant sense (b = -.070, SE = .018, t(7327.3) = 3.817, p<.001), and even more slowly in the context which evoked the subordinate sense (b = -.111, SE = .019, t(7327.5) = 6.232, p<.001). This was in accordance with our prediction that the context would reduce the level of ambiguity and cancel out the facilitatory effect of the related senses. This was further corroborated in the absence of the entropy effect on the processing of the target word in the sense-evoking contexts. Furthermore, we observed an interaction which suggested the reversal of the entropy effect in subordinate sense context as compared to the dominant sense context (b = .043, SE = .019, t(7327.4) = 2.338, p = .019), which is in accordance with the models regarding word ambiguity processing in context (Armstrong & Plaut, 2016). However, the effect of entropy was also absent in the neutral context asking for further elaboration of our understanding of processing of polysemous words.
PB  - Institute for Psychology and Laboratory for Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade
C3  - Book of Abstracts, XXVIII Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, March 31-April 3, 2022, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade
T1  - Polysemy in context: an experimental test of the sense entropy effect
SP  - 48
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5138
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Manojlović, Milica and Mišić, Ksenija and Filipović Đurđević, Dušica",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Entropy is a measure of sense uncertainty within polysemous words. The more senses a word has and the more balanced their probabilities are, the sense uncertainty is higher, i.e. the word is more ambiguous (Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2016). Previous research revealed the facilitatory effect of entropy on processing latency in visual lexical decision task (VLDT; Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2021; Mišić & Filipović Đurđević, 2021). This is frequently attributed to simultaneous activation of multiple related senses. In this paper we test the underlying assumption that if we were to restrict semantic activation to a single sense the advantage of widespread activation of related senses (i.e. the facilitatory effect of entropy) would disappear. One way to achieve this is by putting polysemous words in contexts constructed to evoke specific senses. Our prediction is that the entropy effect would disappear in sentences targeting specific senses, but prevail in ones that manage to maintain semantic ambiguity. A total of 86 participants took part in the self-paced reading task. Each of 102 polysemous words was presented in three sentences - to evoke the dominant, one of the subordinate senses, and in a neutral context that did not elicit any specific sense, mimicking the VLDT situation. Sentences were presented using the Latin square design between participants and words. Linear mixed effect regression analysis revealed that, compared to the neutral context, target words were processed more slowly in the context pertaining to the dominant sense (b = -.070, SE = .018, t(7327.3) = 3.817, p<.001), and even more slowly in the context which evoked the subordinate sense (b = -.111, SE = .019, t(7327.5) = 6.232, p<.001). This was in accordance with our prediction that the context would reduce the level of ambiguity and cancel out the facilitatory effect of the related senses. This was further corroborated in the absence of the entropy effect on the processing of the target word in the sense-evoking contexts. Furthermore, we observed an interaction which suggested the reversal of the entropy effect in subordinate sense context as compared to the dominant sense context (b = .043, SE = .019, t(7327.4) = 2.338, p = .019), which is in accordance with the models regarding word ambiguity processing in context (Armstrong & Plaut, 2016). However, the effect of entropy was also absent in the neutral context asking for further elaboration of our understanding of processing of polysemous words.",
publisher = "Institute for Psychology and Laboratory for Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade",
journal = "Book of Abstracts, XXVIII Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, March 31-April 3, 2022, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade",
title = "Polysemy in context: an experimental test of the sense entropy effect",
pages = "48",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5138"
}

Manojlović, M., Mišić, K.,& Filipović Đurđević, D.. (2022). Polysemy in context: an experimental test of the sense entropy effect. in Book of Abstracts, XXVIII Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, March 31-April 3, 2022, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade
Institute for Psychology and Laboratory for Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade., 48.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5138

Manojlović M, Mišić K, Filipović Đurđević D. Polysemy in context: an experimental test of the sense entropy effect. in Book of Abstracts, XXVIII Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, March 31-April 3, 2022, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade. 2022;:48.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5138 .

Manojlović, Milica, Mišić, Ksenija, Filipović Đurđević, Dušica, "Polysemy in context: an experimental test of the sense entropy effect" in Book of Abstracts, XXVIII Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, March 31-April 3, 2022, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade (2022):48,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5138 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mišić, Ksenija
AU  - Filipović Đurđević, Dušica
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4492
AB  - Previous research with the visual lexical decision task demonstrated that polysemous words (multiple related senses) have a processing advantage when compared to unambiguous words, whereas homonymous words (multiple unrelated meanings) have a processing disadvantage. Although the same pattern of results was observed in Serbian, the two effects were investigated in separate studies. The aim of this study was to test whether the effects can be replicated when both types of ambiguity are presented within the same experimental list. To test this, we conducted three experiments. In the first one, the mixed presentation of unambiguous, homonymous, and polysemous words did not reveal any of the ambiguity effects, leading to the conclusion that the experimental context may affect the emergence of ambiguity effects. The other two experiments were conducted to explicitly control for the experimental context. In both experiments, we presented each ambiguity type within the same block and counterbalanced the order of the block presentation. These experiments revealed the presence of the polysemy advantage, but not the homonymy disadvantage, which is a common pattern in literature. Polysemy effects typically emerge relatively easily, whereas the homonymy disadvantage requires additional conditions. Finally, we conclude that experimental context does play a role in ambiguity processing, although the order of presentation does not affect the overall results.
AB  - Претходна истраживања са задатком визуелне лексичке одлуке показала су
да се полисемичне речи (више повезаних значења) обрађују брже од једнозначних речи, док се хомоними (више неповезаних значења) обрађују спорије.
Премда је исти склоп резултата забележен и у српском језику, ови ефекти су забележени у одвојеним експериментима. Циљ овог рада био је да се испита да ли
се ови ефекти могу поновити када се обе врсте вишезначности налазе у оквиру
исте експерименталне листе. Како би се то тестирало, изведена су три експеримента. У првом експерименту није забележен ниједан од ефеката вишезначности, што је довело до закључка да експериментални контекст може утицати на
ефекте вишезначности. Друга два експеримента су настојала да додатно контролишу експериментални контекст. У оба експеримента, свака врста вишезначности је приказана унутар једног блока, а редослед излагања блокова је био контрабалансиран. У оба случаја је забележен ефекат полисемије, међутим ефекат
хомонимије није, што је уобичајени склоп резултата у литератури. Ефекти полисемије се уобичајено јављају релативно лако, док су за јављање ефеката хомонимије потребни посебни услови. Коначно, можемо закључити да експериментални контекст утиче на обраду вишезначних речи, мада редослед излагања не утиче на типично забележене резултате.
PB  - University of Niš, Serbia
T2  - Teme
T1  - The influence of experimental context on lexical ambiguity effects in Serbian
T1  - Утицај експерименталног контекста на ефекте вишезначности речи у српском језику
EP  - 381
SP  - 255
VL  - 15
DO  - 10.22190/TEME210418030M
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Mišić, Ksenija and Filipović Đurđević, Dušica",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Previous research with the visual lexical decision task demonstrated that polysemous words (multiple related senses) have a processing advantage when compared to unambiguous words, whereas homonymous words (multiple unrelated meanings) have a processing disadvantage. Although the same pattern of results was observed in Serbian, the two effects were investigated in separate studies. The aim of this study was to test whether the effects can be replicated when both types of ambiguity are presented within the same experimental list. To test this, we conducted three experiments. In the first one, the mixed presentation of unambiguous, homonymous, and polysemous words did not reveal any of the ambiguity effects, leading to the conclusion that the experimental context may affect the emergence of ambiguity effects. The other two experiments were conducted to explicitly control for the experimental context. In both experiments, we presented each ambiguity type within the same block and counterbalanced the order of the block presentation. These experiments revealed the presence of the polysemy advantage, but not the homonymy disadvantage, which is a common pattern in literature. Polysemy effects typically emerge relatively easily, whereas the homonymy disadvantage requires additional conditions. Finally, we conclude that experimental context does play a role in ambiguity processing, although the order of presentation does not affect the overall results., Претходна истраживања са задатком визуелне лексичке одлуке показала су
да се полисемичне речи (више повезаних значења) обрађују брже од једнозначних речи, док се хомоними (више неповезаних значења) обрађују спорије.
Премда је исти склоп резултата забележен и у српском језику, ови ефекти су забележени у одвојеним експериментима. Циљ овог рада био је да се испита да ли
се ови ефекти могу поновити када се обе врсте вишезначности налазе у оквиру
исте експерименталне листе. Како би се то тестирало, изведена су три експеримента. У првом експерименту није забележен ниједан од ефеката вишезначности, што је довело до закључка да експериментални контекст може утицати на
ефекте вишезначности. Друга два експеримента су настојала да додатно контролишу експериментални контекст. У оба експеримента, свака врста вишезначности је приказана унутар једног блока, а редослед излагања блокова је био контрабалансиран. У оба случаја је забележен ефекат полисемије, међутим ефекат
хомонимије није, што је уобичајени склоп резултата у литератури. Ефекти полисемије се уобичајено јављају релативно лако, док су за јављање ефеката хомонимије потребни посебни услови. Коначно, можемо закључити да експериментални контекст утиче на обраду вишезначних речи, мада редослед излагања не утиче на типично забележене резултате.",
publisher = "University of Niš, Serbia",
journal = "Teme",
title = "The influence of experimental context on lexical ambiguity effects in Serbian, Утицај експерименталног контекста на ефекте вишезначности речи у српском језику",
pages = "381-255",
volume = "15",
doi = "10.22190/TEME210418030M"
}

Mišić, K.,& Filipović Đurđević, D.. (2022). The influence of experimental context on lexical ambiguity effects in Serbian. in Teme
University of Niš, Serbia., 15, 255-381.
https://doi.org/10.22190/TEME210418030M

Mišić K, Filipović Đurđević D. The influence of experimental context on lexical ambiguity effects in Serbian. in Teme. 2022;15:255-381.
doi:10.22190/TEME210418030M .

Mišić, Ksenija, Filipović Đurđević, Dušica, "The influence of experimental context on lexical ambiguity effects in Serbian" in Teme, 15 (2022):255-381,
https://doi.org/10.22190/TEME210418030M . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Ilić, Sandra
AU  - Mišić, Ksenija
AU  - Damnjanović, Kaja
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5154
AB  - Hybrid models of reasoning posit the concept of logical intuitions that are based on highly automatized mindware, that is – knowledge about mathematical, logical, and probabilistic principles. The aim of the present study was to investigate precisely when logical intuitions activate. To this end, we have conducted an experimental study and employed the two response 
paradigm which allowed for delineating intuitive from deliberative answers on cognitive reflection test. We also registered participants' intelligence, mindware and executive functions in order to use these known correlates to pinpoint the logical intuitions timeframe. The results indicate that logical
intuitions activate in the first 250 ms after participants have read the task.
PB  - Institut za psihologiju, Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu
PB  - Laboratorija za eksperimentalnu psihologiju, Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu
C3  - Zbornik radova, XXVIII naučni skup Empirijska istraživanja u psihologiji, Filozofski fakultet, Beograd
T1  - Does Time Pressure Make Us Illogical?
SP  - 20
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5154
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Ilić, Sandra and Mišić, Ksenija and Damnjanović, Kaja",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Hybrid models of reasoning posit the concept of logical intuitions that are based on highly automatized mindware, that is – knowledge about mathematical, logical, and probabilistic principles. The aim of the present study was to investigate precisely when logical intuitions activate. To this end, we have conducted an experimental study and employed the two response 
paradigm which allowed for delineating intuitive from deliberative answers on cognitive reflection test. We also registered participants' intelligence, mindware and executive functions in order to use these known correlates to pinpoint the logical intuitions timeframe. The results indicate that logical
intuitions activate in the first 250 ms after participants have read the task.",
publisher = "Institut za psihologiju, Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Laboratorija za eksperimentalnu psihologiju, Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu",
journal = "Zbornik radova, XXVIII naučni skup Empirijska istraživanja u psihologiji, Filozofski fakultet, Beograd",
title = "Does Time Pressure Make Us Illogical?",
pages = "20",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5154"
}

Ilić, S., Mišić, K.,& Damnjanović, K.. (2022). Does Time Pressure Make Us Illogical?. in Zbornik radova, XXVIII naučni skup Empirijska istraživanja u psihologiji, Filozofski fakultet, Beograd
Institut za psihologiju, Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu., 20.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5154

Ilić S, Mišić K, Damnjanović K. Does Time Pressure Make Us Illogical?. in Zbornik radova, XXVIII naučni skup Empirijska istraživanja u psihologiji, Filozofski fakultet, Beograd. 2022;:20.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5154 .

Ilić, Sandra, Mišić, Ksenija, Damnjanović, Kaja, "Does Time Pressure Make Us Illogical?" in Zbornik radova, XXVIII naučni skup Empirijska istraživanja u psihologiji, Filozofski fakultet, Beograd (2022):20,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5154 .

TY  - GEN
AU  - Loenneker, Hannah Dorothea
AU  - Buchanan, Erin M.
AU  - Martinovici, Ana
AU  - Primbs, Maximilian A.
AU  - Elsherif, Mahmoud Medhat
AU  - Baker, Bradley J.
AU  - Dudda, Leonie A.
AU  - Filipović Đurđević, Dušica
AU  - Mišić, Ksenija
AU  - Peetz, Hannah K.
AU  - Röer, Jan Philipp
AU  - Schulze, Lars
AU  - Wagner, Lisa
AU  - Wolska, Julia  Katharina
AU  - Kührt, Korinna
AU  - Pronizius, Ekaterina
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5488
AB  - In behavioral, cognitive, and social sciences, reaction time measures are an important source of information. However, analyses on reaction time data are affected by researchers’ analytical choices and the order in which these choices are applied. The results of a systematic literature review, presented in this paper, revealed that the justification for and order in which analytical choices are conducted are rarely reported, leading to difficulty in reproducing results and interpreting mixed findings. To address this methodological shortcoming, we created a checklist on reporting reaction time pre-processing to make these decisions more explicit, improve transparency, and thus, promote best practices within the field. The importance of the pre-processing checklist was additionally supported by an expert consensus survey and a multiverse analysis. Consequently, we appeal for maximal transparency on all methods applied and offer a checklist to improve replicability and reproducibility of studies that use reaction time measures.
T2  - PsychArxiv Preprints
T1  - We don’t know what you did last summer. On the importance of transparent reporting of reaction time data pre-processing
DO  - 10.31234/osf.io/tgzdk
ER  - 

@misc{
author = "Loenneker, Hannah Dorothea and Buchanan, Erin M. and Martinovici, Ana and Primbs, Maximilian A. and Elsherif, Mahmoud Medhat and Baker, Bradley J. and Dudda, Leonie A. and Filipović Đurđević, Dušica and Mišić, Ksenija and Peetz, Hannah K. and Röer, Jan Philipp and Schulze, Lars and Wagner, Lisa and Wolska, Julia  Katharina and Kührt, Korinna and Pronizius, Ekaterina",
year = "2022",
abstract = "In behavioral, cognitive, and social sciences, reaction time measures are an important source of information. However, analyses on reaction time data are affected by researchers’ analytical choices and the order in which these choices are applied. The results of a systematic literature review, presented in this paper, revealed that the justification for and order in which analytical choices are conducted are rarely reported, leading to difficulty in reproducing results and interpreting mixed findings. To address this methodological shortcoming, we created a checklist on reporting reaction time pre-processing to make these decisions more explicit, improve transparency, and thus, promote best practices within the field. The importance of the pre-processing checklist was additionally supported by an expert consensus survey and a multiverse analysis. Consequently, we appeal for maximal transparency on all methods applied and offer a checklist to improve replicability and reproducibility of studies that use reaction time measures.",
journal = "PsychArxiv Preprints",
title = "We don’t know what you did last summer. On the importance of transparent reporting of reaction time data pre-processing",
doi = "10.31234/osf.io/tgzdk"
}

Loenneker, H. D., Buchanan, E. M., Martinovici, A., Primbs, M. A., Elsherif, M. M., Baker, B. J., Dudda, L. A., Filipović Đurđević, D., Mišić, K., Peetz, H. K., Röer, J. P., Schulze, L., Wagner, L., Wolska, Julia  Katharina, Kührt, K.,& Pronizius, E.. (2022). We don’t know what you did last summer. On the importance of transparent reporting of reaction time data pre-processing. in PsychArxiv Preprints.
https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/tgzdk

Loenneker HD, Buchanan EM, Martinovici A, Primbs MA, Elsherif MM, Baker BJ, Dudda LA, Filipović Đurđević D, Mišić K, Peetz HK, Röer JP, Schulze L, Wagner L, Wolska, Julia  Katharina, Kührt K, Pronizius E. We don’t know what you did last summer. On the importance of transparent reporting of reaction time data pre-processing. in PsychArxiv Preprints. 2022;.
doi:10.31234/osf.io/tgzdk .

Loenneker, Hannah Dorothea, Buchanan, Erin M., Martinovici, Ana, Primbs, Maximilian A., Elsherif, Mahmoud Medhat, Baker, Bradley J., Dudda, Leonie A., Filipović Đurđević, Dušica, Mišić, Ksenija, Peetz, Hannah K., Röer, Jan Philipp, Schulze, Lars, Wagner, Lisa, Wolska, Julia  Katharina, Kührt, Korinna, Pronizius, Ekaterina, "We don’t know what you did last summer. On the importance of transparent reporting of reaction time data pre-processing" in PsychArxiv Preprints (2022),
https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/tgzdk . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Ilić, Lenka
AU  - Anđelić, Sara
AU  - Mišić, Ksenija
AU  - Filipović Đurđević, Dušica
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5137
AB  - Words with multiple related senses (polysemous words) are recognised faster compared to the words with multiple unrelated meanings (homonymous words) and unambiguous words (Rodd et al., 2002). The measure of ambiguity in polysemous words was the number of senses (NoS), derived from the meanings/senses provided by native speakers, as well as the information theory measures, entropy (sense uncertainty) and redundancy (the balance of meaning probabilities). These measures were significant predictors of reaction time in visual lexical decision task (VLDT) experiments (Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2021). In spite of differences, multiple models agree in predicting the observed facilitation. Research in Serbian revealed these effects in noun, adjective, and verb processing (Anđelić, Ilić, Mišić, & Filipović Đurđević, 2021; Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2008; 2021; Mišić & Filipović Đurđević, 2021). The aim of this research was to conceptually replicate and further generalise the NoS effect on processing of nouns. Also, the goal was to collect native speakers' intuitions of the senses for the novel set of Serbian nouns and thus expand the existing database (Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2016). A novel set of 100 polysemous nouns was selected from the dictionary and then included in the normative study, in which 36 participants were instructed to write all of the senses that they could recall. The senses obtained from the participants were categorised according to the dictionary and the NoS along with the entropy and redundancy of senses was calculated. The same nouns were presented in a visual lexical decision task to a novel group of 87 native speakers. The results indicated that polysemous nouns with higher number of senses were processed faster (β =-.02 , CI = -.03 – -.00, t =-2.78, p = .005), which is in accordance with our hypothesis. The results regarding the information theory measures revealed that the effects of entropy (H) and redundancy (T) indicated a non-significant trend in the predicted direction (H: β =-.00 , CI [-.02 – .01], t =-.597 p = .557, T: β =.01 , CI [-.00 – .03], t =1.66, p = .097). These findings concur with the previous findings from the noun, adjective and verb experiments and the SSD model (Armstrong & Plaut, 2016) and together they converge to the conclusion that the effect of number of senses in the processing of polysemous words facilitates recognition in the visual lexical decision.
PB  - Institute for Psychology and Laboratory for Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade
C3  - Book of Abstracts, XXVIII Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, March 31-April 3, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade
T1  - The number of senses effect in polysemous noun recognition: expanding the database
SP  - 43
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5137
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Ilić, Lenka and Anđelić, Sara and Mišić, Ksenija and Filipović Đurđević, Dušica",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Words with multiple related senses (polysemous words) are recognised faster compared to the words with multiple unrelated meanings (homonymous words) and unambiguous words (Rodd et al., 2002). The measure of ambiguity in polysemous words was the number of senses (NoS), derived from the meanings/senses provided by native speakers, as well as the information theory measures, entropy (sense uncertainty) and redundancy (the balance of meaning probabilities). These measures were significant predictors of reaction time in visual lexical decision task (VLDT) experiments (Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2021). In spite of differences, multiple models agree in predicting the observed facilitation. Research in Serbian revealed these effects in noun, adjective, and verb processing (Anđelić, Ilić, Mišić, & Filipović Đurđević, 2021; Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2008; 2021; Mišić & Filipović Đurđević, 2021). The aim of this research was to conceptually replicate and further generalise the NoS effect on processing of nouns. Also, the goal was to collect native speakers' intuitions of the senses for the novel set of Serbian nouns and thus expand the existing database (Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2016). A novel set of 100 polysemous nouns was selected from the dictionary and then included in the normative study, in which 36 participants were instructed to write all of the senses that they could recall. The senses obtained from the participants were categorised according to the dictionary and the NoS along with the entropy and redundancy of senses was calculated. The same nouns were presented in a visual lexical decision task to a novel group of 87 native speakers. The results indicated that polysemous nouns with higher number of senses were processed faster (β =-.02 , CI = -.03 – -.00, t =-2.78, p = .005), which is in accordance with our hypothesis. The results regarding the information theory measures revealed that the effects of entropy (H) and redundancy (T) indicated a non-significant trend in the predicted direction (H: β =-.00 , CI [-.02 – .01], t =-.597 p = .557, T: β =.01 , CI [-.00 – .03], t =1.66, p = .097). These findings concur with the previous findings from the noun, adjective and verb experiments and the SSD model (Armstrong & Plaut, 2016) and together they converge to the conclusion that the effect of number of senses in the processing of polysemous words facilitates recognition in the visual lexical decision.",
publisher = "Institute for Psychology and Laboratory for Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade",
journal = "Book of Abstracts, XXVIII Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, March 31-April 3, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade",
title = "The number of senses effect in polysemous noun recognition: expanding the database",
pages = "43",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5137"
}

Ilić, L., Anđelić, S., Mišić, K.,& Filipović Đurđević, D.. (2022). The number of senses effect in polysemous noun recognition: expanding the database. in Book of Abstracts, XXVIII Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, March 31-April 3, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade
Institute for Psychology and Laboratory for Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade., 43.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5137

Ilić L, Anđelić S, Mišić K, Filipović Đurđević D. The number of senses effect in polysemous noun recognition: expanding the database. in Book of Abstracts, XXVIII Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, March 31-April 3, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade. 2022;:43.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5137 .

Ilić, Lenka, Anđelić, Sara, Mišić, Ksenija, Filipović Đurđević, Dušica, "The number of senses effect in polysemous noun recognition: expanding the database" in Book of Abstracts, XXVIII Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, March 31-April 3, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade (2022):43,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5137 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Mišić, Ksenija
AU  - Filipović Đurđević, Dušica
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5136
AB  - Discrimination learning (DL), a simple learning mechanism has proven to be a powerful model for describing language processing. In this paper we contribute to describing the semantic phenomena in the light of DL. We do so by continuing to focus on polysemy advantage and homonymy disadvantage. Whereas the former is most dominantly explained by a higher activation through the shared semantic core of multiple related senses, the latter seems to be a consequence of sharing activation across unrelated semantic features of multiple meanings. Filipović Đurđević and Kostić (2021) crossed DL and distributional semantics to demonstrate that the relatedness of polysemous senses could be operationalised as the overlap at the level of the outcomes. Our aim was to test whether this activation pattern can arise in endstate of learning when we simulate learning of polysemous, homonymous, and unambiguous words using a small scale model over which we have full control. We used a toy lexicon containing two entries from each of the three groups. Cues were bigrams made from nine-letter strings randomly generated from five letters, to introduce cue competition. To simulate all aspects of ambiguity, each word had four outcomes. Each unambiguous word and each homonym meaning had four unique outcomes, and each sense of a polyseme had one unique outcome, one shared by only one other sense, and two outcomes shared by all senses. The results revealed that cue-outcome weights were the highest for the polysemous words, thus corroborating the findings of Filpović-Đurđević and Kostić (2021). However, no difference in cue-outcome weights was observed between homonyms and unambiguous words. This simple simulation continues to inform future studies on how polysemous senses could be defined when corpus data is used. The distributional hypothesis (Harris, 1954) states that similar words, or in this case senses, appear in similar contexts. Our simulation suggests that outcomes should be defined in a way where homonym meanings do not share any outcomes, and polysemous words do. However, further simulations on toy corpora are needed in order to more precisely understand the supposed structure of distributed meanings/senses.
PB  - Institute for Psychology and Laboratory for Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade
C3  - Book of Abstracts XXVIII Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, March 31-April 3, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade
T1  - Distributed meanings and senses within discrimination learning framework – proof of concept
SP  - 40
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5136
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Mišić, Ksenija and Filipović Đurđević, Dušica",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Discrimination learning (DL), a simple learning mechanism has proven to be a powerful model for describing language processing. In this paper we contribute to describing the semantic phenomena in the light of DL. We do so by continuing to focus on polysemy advantage and homonymy disadvantage. Whereas the former is most dominantly explained by a higher activation through the shared semantic core of multiple related senses, the latter seems to be a consequence of sharing activation across unrelated semantic features of multiple meanings. Filipović Đurđević and Kostić (2021) crossed DL and distributional semantics to demonstrate that the relatedness of polysemous senses could be operationalised as the overlap at the level of the outcomes. Our aim was to test whether this activation pattern can arise in endstate of learning when we simulate learning of polysemous, homonymous, and unambiguous words using a small scale model over which we have full control. We used a toy lexicon containing two entries from each of the three groups. Cues were bigrams made from nine-letter strings randomly generated from five letters, to introduce cue competition. To simulate all aspects of ambiguity, each word had four outcomes. Each unambiguous word and each homonym meaning had four unique outcomes, and each sense of a polyseme had one unique outcome, one shared by only one other sense, and two outcomes shared by all senses. The results revealed that cue-outcome weights were the highest for the polysemous words, thus corroborating the findings of Filpović-Đurđević and Kostić (2021). However, no difference in cue-outcome weights was observed between homonyms and unambiguous words. This simple simulation continues to inform future studies on how polysemous senses could be defined when corpus data is used. The distributional hypothesis (Harris, 1954) states that similar words, or in this case senses, appear in similar contexts. Our simulation suggests that outcomes should be defined in a way where homonym meanings do not share any outcomes, and polysemous words do. However, further simulations on toy corpora are needed in order to more precisely understand the supposed structure of distributed meanings/senses.",
publisher = "Institute for Psychology and Laboratory for Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade",
journal = "Book of Abstracts XXVIII Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, March 31-April 3, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade",
title = "Distributed meanings and senses within discrimination learning framework – proof of concept",
pages = "40",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5136"
}

Mišić, K.,& Filipović Đurđević, D.. (2022). Distributed meanings and senses within discrimination learning framework – proof of concept. in Book of Abstracts XXVIII Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, March 31-April 3, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade
Institute for Psychology and Laboratory for Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade., 40.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5136

Mišić K, Filipović Đurđević D. Distributed meanings and senses within discrimination learning framework – proof of concept. in Book of Abstracts XXVIII Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, March 31-April 3, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade. 2022;:40.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5136 .

Mišić, Ksenija, Filipović Đurđević, Dušica, "Distributed meanings and senses within discrimination learning framework – proof of concept" in Book of Abstracts XXVIII Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, March 31-April 3, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade (2022):40,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5136 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Mišić, Ksenija
AU  - Filipović Đurđević, Dušica
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5135
AB  - driven learning framework (Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2021; Mišić & Filipović Đurđević,
2021). Filpović Đurđević and Kostić (2021) introduced a hypothesis that lexical ambiguity could
be operationalized via partial overlap of multiple cues/outcomes related to meaning. Their
demonstration relied on distributional semantics, namely the co-occurrence of words in the
context. However, although relying on natural language samples is a powerful approach, it also
introduces many complexities that potentially obscure the learning mechanics behind the
ambiguity effects. Therefore, our aim was to perform ambiguity learning simulations from more
of a theoretical standpoint by employing the toy model approach.
Theory informed our data generation process in two ways. First, error-driven learning
(Rescorla & Wagner, 1972) offered a mechanism for learning ambiguous words and the
importance of cue competition for learning to occur (Hoppe et al., 2022). Second, we relied on
psycholinguistic theory for descriptions of ambiguity, namely the polysemy (multiple related
senses) and homonymy (multiple unrelated meanings) distinction (Rodd et al., 2002). In addition
to sense/meaning relatedness, we also paid attention to their probabilities (Filipović Đurđević &
Kostić, 2017). We manipulated the type of lexical ambiguity (unambiguous words, polysemes,
homonyms), the balance of sense/meaning probabilities (balanced, unbalanced), and the level
of cue competition (low, medium, high).
Data were generated in the following way. We modelled a total of six words: two
unambiguous words, a balanced and an unbalanced polyseme, and a balanced and an
unbalanced homonym. Each word was represented by one outcome. Cues were created
separately for each sense/meaning and were constructed as an equal-length string of arbitrary
elements. The ambiguity type was manipulated via the cue overlap. Unambiguous words were
predicted by a single cue set. Homonyms were predicted by three distinct sets of cues, each
representing one meaning. Polysemous words were also predicted by three sets of cues,
however, in addition to some unique cues for each of the senses, sets had some overlap among
themselves in order to represent the sense relatedness. Each of the artificial words (outcomes)
and its cues was presented to the network an equal amount of times. Balance of the
sense/meanings frequency distribution was manipulated through the frequency of the
presentation of each cue-outcome pairing. Finally, to introduce more cue competition, we
randomly sampled a number of existing cues and appended them to other meanings/senses
strings. By varying the number of cues appended, we varied the cue competition intensity. The
data structure scheme is presented in Figure 1.
We then compared simulations on two different measures – the activation of the
outcomes, and the learnability (a quantitative description of learning curves). When cue
competition was present, activation decreased in the following order: balanced homonyms,
unbalanced homonyms, unbalanced polysemes, and unbalanced polysemes, with unambiguous
words, activated the least. This pattern, although expected to be inversely proportionate, was
directly proportionate to the RTs in lexical decision tasks (Filipović Đurđević, 2019; Filipović
Đurđević & Kostić, 2021). Learnability measure revealed that homonyms were learned the best,
followed by polysemes, and then unambiguous words. Nevertheless, the existing relationship
suggests that possible modifications of the generated data might lead to a better insight into
how learning leads to the presence of ambiguity in language.
C3  - Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Error-Driven Learning in Language (EDLL 2022), August 1-3, University of Tübingen, Germany
T1  - Distributed meanings and senses in error-driven learning framework – a proof of concept
EP  - 13
SP  - 12
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5135
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Mišić, Ksenija and Filipović Đurđević, Dušica",
year = "2022",
abstract = "driven learning framework (Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2021; Mišić & Filipović Đurđević,
2021). Filpović Đurđević and Kostić (2021) introduced a hypothesis that lexical ambiguity could
be operationalized via partial overlap of multiple cues/outcomes related to meaning. Their
demonstration relied on distributional semantics, namely the co-occurrence of words in the
context. However, although relying on natural language samples is a powerful approach, it also
introduces many complexities that potentially obscure the learning mechanics behind the
ambiguity effects. Therefore, our aim was to perform ambiguity learning simulations from more
of a theoretical standpoint by employing the toy model approach.
Theory informed our data generation process in two ways. First, error-driven learning
(Rescorla & Wagner, 1972) offered a mechanism for learning ambiguous words and the
importance of cue competition for learning to occur (Hoppe et al., 2022). Second, we relied on
psycholinguistic theory for descriptions of ambiguity, namely the polysemy (multiple related
senses) and homonymy (multiple unrelated meanings) distinction (Rodd et al., 2002). In addition
to sense/meaning relatedness, we also paid attention to their probabilities (Filipović Đurđević &
Kostić, 2017). We manipulated the type of lexical ambiguity (unambiguous words, polysemes,
homonyms), the balance of sense/meaning probabilities (balanced, unbalanced), and the level
of cue competition (low, medium, high).
Data were generated in the following way. We modelled a total of six words: two
unambiguous words, a balanced and an unbalanced polyseme, and a balanced and an
unbalanced homonym. Each word was represented by one outcome. Cues were created
separately for each sense/meaning and were constructed as an equal-length string of arbitrary
elements. The ambiguity type was manipulated via the cue overlap. Unambiguous words were
predicted by a single cue set. Homonyms were predicted by three distinct sets of cues, each
representing one meaning. Polysemous words were also predicted by three sets of cues,
however, in addition to some unique cues for each of the senses, sets had some overlap among
themselves in order to represent the sense relatedness. Each of the artificial words (outcomes)
and its cues was presented to the network an equal amount of times. Balance of the
sense/meanings frequency distribution was manipulated through the frequency of the
presentation of each cue-outcome pairing. Finally, to introduce more cue competition, we
randomly sampled a number of existing cues and appended them to other meanings/senses
strings. By varying the number of cues appended, we varied the cue competition intensity. The
data structure scheme is presented in Figure 1.
We then compared simulations on two different measures – the activation of the
outcomes, and the learnability (a quantitative description of learning curves). When cue
competition was present, activation decreased in the following order: balanced homonyms,
unbalanced homonyms, unbalanced polysemes, and unbalanced polysemes, with unambiguous
words, activated the least. This pattern, although expected to be inversely proportionate, was
directly proportionate to the RTs in lexical decision tasks (Filipović Đurđević, 2019; Filipović
Đurđević & Kostić, 2021). Learnability measure revealed that homonyms were learned the best,
followed by polysemes, and then unambiguous words. Nevertheless, the existing relationship
suggests that possible modifications of the generated data might lead to a better insight into
how learning leads to the presence of ambiguity in language.",
journal = "Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Error-Driven Learning in Language (EDLL 2022), August 1-3, University of Tübingen, Germany",
title = "Distributed meanings and senses in error-driven learning framework – a proof of concept",
pages = "13-12",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5135"
}

Mišić, K.,& Filipović Đurđević, D.. (2022). Distributed meanings and senses in error-driven learning framework – a proof of concept. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Error-Driven Learning in Language (EDLL 2022), August 1-3, University of Tübingen, Germany, 12-13.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5135

Mišić K, Filipović Đurđević D. Distributed meanings and senses in error-driven learning framework – a proof of concept. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Error-Driven Learning in Language (EDLL 2022), August 1-3, University of Tübingen, Germany. 2022;:12-13.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5135 .

Mišić, Ksenija, Filipović Đurđević, Dušica, "Distributed meanings and senses in error-driven learning framework – a proof of concept" in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Error-Driven Learning in Language (EDLL 2022), August 1-3, University of Tübingen, Germany (2022):12-13,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5135 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mišić, Ksenija
AU  - Filipović Đurđević, Dušica
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4495
AB  - The Semantic Settling Dynamics model postulated that the seemingly inconsistent effects of lexical ambiguity are, in fact, a systematic manifestation of the specific dynamics that arise as a consequence of the amount of time spent in processing. The model has thus far been tested by prolonging lexical decision and comparing homonymous, polysemous, and unambiguous words in a factorial design. Here, we kept the strategy of task manipulation but tested the model by using continuous measures as indices of the level of lexical ambiguity and their slopes as indices of the effect size. We expressed the size of the polysemy effect as the slope of the effect of entropy of sense probability distribution and the size of the homonymy effect as the redundancy of sense probability distribution. Comparing lexical decision tasks with the shorter and longer time spent in processing, we observed the predicted decrease in the effect of the polysemy level as well as the predicted increase in the effect of homonymy level.
PB  - SAGE Publications
T2  - Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
T1  - Redesigning the Exploration of Semantic Dynamics – SSD Account in Light of Regression Design
EP  - 1170
SP  - 1155
VL  - 75
DO  - 10.1177/17470218211048386PDF
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Mišić, Ksenija and Filipović Đurđević, Dušica",
year = "2022",
abstract = "The Semantic Settling Dynamics model postulated that the seemingly inconsistent effects of lexical ambiguity are, in fact, a systematic manifestation of the specific dynamics that arise as a consequence of the amount of time spent in processing. The model has thus far been tested by prolonging lexical decision and comparing homonymous, polysemous, and unambiguous words in a factorial design. Here, we kept the strategy of task manipulation but tested the model by using continuous measures as indices of the level of lexical ambiguity and their slopes as indices of the effect size. We expressed the size of the polysemy effect as the slope of the effect of entropy of sense probability distribution and the size of the homonymy effect as the redundancy of sense probability distribution. Comparing lexical decision tasks with the shorter and longer time spent in processing, we observed the predicted decrease in the effect of the polysemy level as well as the predicted increase in the effect of homonymy level.",
publisher = "SAGE Publications",
journal = "Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology",
title = "Redesigning the Exploration of Semantic Dynamics – SSD Account in Light of Regression Design",
pages = "1170-1155",
volume = "75",
doi = "10.1177/17470218211048386PDF"
}

Mišić, K.,& Filipović Đurđević, D.. (2022). Redesigning the Exploration of Semantic Dynamics – SSD Account in Light of Regression Design. in Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
SAGE Publications., 75, 1155-1170.
https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218211048386PDF

Mišić K, Filipović Đurđević D. Redesigning the Exploration of Semantic Dynamics – SSD Account in Light of Regression Design. in Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. 2022;75:1155-1170.
doi:10.1177/17470218211048386PDF .

Mišić, Ksenija, Filipović Đurđević, Dušica, "Redesigning the Exploration of Semantic Dynamics – SSD Account in Light of Regression Design" in Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 75 (2022):1155-1170,
https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218211048386PDF . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Mišić, Ksenija
AU  - Filipović Đurđević, Dušica
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5146
AB  - In this research we wanted to investigate whether the effects observed during simultaneous
processing of semantic and syntactic lexical ambiguity could be interpreted within the framework
of error-driven learning. To investigate the interaction of the two types of ambiguity we focused
on polysemy in a highly inflected Serbian noun system and attempted to simulate their processing
effects using naive discriminative learning (Baayen et al., 2011).
Polysemy is the type of lexical ambiguity where one word can have multiple related
senses. For example, isolated word paper could refer to the writing paper, i.e., paper as the
material, but also to scientific paper, and even a daily paper. Polysemous words are a complex
phenomenon, whose processing is affected by number of senses, probability distribution of those
senses, and degree of relatedness among the senses (Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2009; 2017,
under revision; Klepousniotou, 2002; Rodd et al., 2002). Additionally, in Serbian, words can take
up to seven inflected forms. Syntactic ambiguity of an isolated inflected form is reflected in the
multitude of syntactic roles the given inflected form can take in the sentence. For example,
inflected masculine noun konja (horse) can indicate the subject in the sentence (Dva konja su
trčala / Two horses were running), but also the object (Jahao sam konja / I rode the horse). It has
been demonstrated that different aspects of syntactic ambiguity affect lexical processing as well:
information load based on relative frequency of the inflected form within its inflectional class and
the number of syntactic functions and meanings (Kostić, 1991), inflectional entropy (Baayen et al,
2006), relative entropy (Milin et al., 2009), etc.
By definition, polysemous words are equally ambiguous in all of the inflected forms
(Gortan-Premk, 2004). Hence, the inflected form does not serve as the cue for their true meaning.
However, some research suggested that meaning can shape the way a noun is used in a
sentence (Kostić et al., 2003).
We presented 35 polysemous nouns of masculine gender in a visual lexical decision task
to 74 participants (data collection still ongoing). Each noun was presented in one of its seven
forms in a latin-square design. Entropy of the sense frequency distribution was estimated in a
norming study (Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2017). Relative frequencies of inflected forms and the
number of syntactic functions and meanings were taken from Kostić (1965). Discrimination
learning based predictors were derived from cue-outcome weights matrix calculated by
equilibrium equations (Danks, 2003), implemented in the ndl package (Arppe, et al. 2015). Cues
were bigrams of the polysemous words’ inflected forms presented in the experiment. Outcomes
were their lemmata and 1000 co-occurring context words.
We modelled processing times by applying GAMMs (Wood, 2006) and compared two
models. Information-theoretic model revealed the expected facilitatory effect of entropy of word
senses, but only in the nominative form. Discriminative predictors (Milin et al, 2017) affected
processing in some word forms, again revealing the interaction. AIC comparison showed that the
discrimination-based model was superior to the information-theoretic one. Correlations between
the two sets of measures revealed some interesting relations. Activation was more sensitive to
semantic ambiguity, whereas diversity captured both semantic and syntactic ambiguity. This
suggests a more complex interplay of semantics and morpho-syntax than previously thought and
the possibility of capturing such an interaction with discrimination-based diversity measures.
C3  - Book of Abstracts, International Conference on Error-Driven Learning in Language (EDLL 2021), March 10 - 12, University of Tübingen
T1  - Interaction of semantic and syntactic ambiguity in the light of discrimination learning
SP  - 32
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5146
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Mišić, Ksenija and Filipović Đurđević, Dušica",
year = "2021",
abstract = "In this research we wanted to investigate whether the effects observed during simultaneous
processing of semantic and syntactic lexical ambiguity could be interpreted within the framework
of error-driven learning. To investigate the interaction of the two types of ambiguity we focused
on polysemy in a highly inflected Serbian noun system and attempted to simulate their processing
effects using naive discriminative learning (Baayen et al., 2011).
Polysemy is the type of lexical ambiguity where one word can have multiple related
senses. For example, isolated word paper could refer to the writing paper, i.e., paper as the
material, but also to scientific paper, and even a daily paper. Polysemous words are a complex
phenomenon, whose processing is affected by number of senses, probability distribution of those
senses, and degree of relatedness among the senses (Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2009; 2017,
under revision; Klepousniotou, 2002; Rodd et al., 2002). Additionally, in Serbian, words can take
up to seven inflected forms. Syntactic ambiguity of an isolated inflected form is reflected in the
multitude of syntactic roles the given inflected form can take in the sentence. For example,
inflected masculine noun konja (horse) can indicate the subject in the sentence (Dva konja su
trčala / Two horses were running), but also the object (Jahao sam konja / I rode the horse). It has
been demonstrated that different aspects of syntactic ambiguity affect lexical processing as well:
information load based on relative frequency of the inflected form within its inflectional class and
the number of syntactic functions and meanings (Kostić, 1991), inflectional entropy (Baayen et al,
2006), relative entropy (Milin et al., 2009), etc.
By definition, polysemous words are equally ambiguous in all of the inflected forms
(Gortan-Premk, 2004). Hence, the inflected form does not serve as the cue for their true meaning.
However, some research suggested that meaning can shape the way a noun is used in a
sentence (Kostić et al., 2003).
We presented 35 polysemous nouns of masculine gender in a visual lexical decision task
to 74 participants (data collection still ongoing). Each noun was presented in one of its seven
forms in a latin-square design. Entropy of the sense frequency distribution was estimated in a
norming study (Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2017). Relative frequencies of inflected forms and the
number of syntactic functions and meanings were taken from Kostić (1965). Discrimination
learning based predictors were derived from cue-outcome weights matrix calculated by
equilibrium equations (Danks, 2003), implemented in the ndl package (Arppe, et al. 2015). Cues
were bigrams of the polysemous words’ inflected forms presented in the experiment. Outcomes
were their lemmata and 1000 co-occurring context words.
We modelled processing times by applying GAMMs (Wood, 2006) and compared two
models. Information-theoretic model revealed the expected facilitatory effect of entropy of word
senses, but only in the nominative form. Discriminative predictors (Milin et al, 2017) affected
processing in some word forms, again revealing the interaction. AIC comparison showed that the
discrimination-based model was superior to the information-theoretic one. Correlations between
the two sets of measures revealed some interesting relations. Activation was more sensitive to
semantic ambiguity, whereas diversity captured both semantic and syntactic ambiguity. This
suggests a more complex interplay of semantics and morpho-syntax than previously thought and
the possibility of capturing such an interaction with discrimination-based diversity measures.",
journal = "Book of Abstracts, International Conference on Error-Driven Learning in Language (EDLL 2021), March 10 - 12, University of Tübingen",
title = "Interaction of semantic and syntactic ambiguity in the light of discrimination learning",
pages = "32",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5146"
}

Mišić, K.,& Filipović Đurđević, D.. (2021). Interaction of semantic and syntactic ambiguity in the light of discrimination learning. in Book of Abstracts, International Conference on Error-Driven Learning in Language (EDLL 2021), March 10 - 12, University of Tübingen, 32.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5146

Mišić K, Filipović Đurđević D. Interaction of semantic and syntactic ambiguity in the light of discrimination learning. in Book of Abstracts, International Conference on Error-Driven Learning in Language (EDLL 2021), March 10 - 12, University of Tübingen. 2021;:32.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5146 .

Mišić, Ksenija, Filipović Đurđević, Dušica, "Interaction of semantic and syntactic ambiguity in the light of discrimination learning" in Book of Abstracts, International Conference on Error-Driven Learning in Language (EDLL 2021), March 10 - 12, University of Tübingen (2021):32,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5146 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Mišić, Ksenija
AU  - Filipović Đurđević, Dušica
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5142
AB  - Polysemes are ambiguous words with multiple related senses (PAPER – ‘writing paper’ and ‘scientific paper’; Rodd et al., 2002). Previous research established that polyseme processing is also affected by sense uncertainty (Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2017). However, Serbian words appear in multiple inflected forms where each form has multiple syntactic meanings and functions and are therefore also ambiguous. The aim of this paper was twofold. The first was to explore the uncertainty effect throughout the inflected forms. We tested whether inflected word forms are equally ambiguous, considering that syntactic properties of a sentence can affect word meaning (Kostić et al., 2003). The second aim was to explore whether the potential (in)consistency of the polysemy effect could be a consequence of the dynamics of mapping cues to outcomes in a discriminative learning (DL) network.
We collected lexical decision data and compared the predictive power of information-theoretic (IT) measures of uncertainty and the measures derived from the DL model (Baayen et al., 2011). We presented 35 polysemous nouns of masculine gender to 124 participants. Each noun was presented in seven inflected forms in a Latin-square design. Reaction times were predicted by two sets of variables – entropy of the sense frequency distribution (Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2017). DL predictors were derived from two cue-outcome weight matrices (Milin et al., 2017). Grapheme-to-lexome (G2L) matrix was calculated from a network mapping trigraphs to lemmata. Lexome-to-lexome (L2L) matrix from a network mapping 1000 co-occurring context words as cues to lemmata.
Diversity measures from G2L and L2L (r = .36, p < .001; r = .25, p < .001), and G2L prior measure (r = .27, p < .001) correlated with entropy. We modelled lexical decision latencies with GAMMs (Wood, 2006) and compared models with entropy and DL predictors interacting with the inflected form. The entropy model revealed differing entropy effects across word forms, with marginal significance in the nominative form. DL model revealed a similar variation in DL predictor effect but had a better fit than the IT model.
Inconsistent entropy effects across word forms suggest that there might be an interaction between semantics and syntax. Correlations between DL and entropy measures reveal that discrimination of orthographic cues might be a process behind this observed complexity. This research opens the question of the need for estimating ambiguity separately across different inflected forms of the same lemmata.
PB  - Institute for Psychology and Laboratory for Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade
C3  - Book of Abstracts, XXVII Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, May 13-16, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade
T1  - The polysemy effect across inflected word forms
EP  - 38
SP  - 37
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5142
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Mišić, Ksenija and Filipović Đurđević, Dušica",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Polysemes are ambiguous words with multiple related senses (PAPER – ‘writing paper’ and ‘scientific paper’; Rodd et al., 2002). Previous research established that polyseme processing is also affected by sense uncertainty (Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2017). However, Serbian words appear in multiple inflected forms where each form has multiple syntactic meanings and functions and are therefore also ambiguous. The aim of this paper was twofold. The first was to explore the uncertainty effect throughout the inflected forms. We tested whether inflected word forms are equally ambiguous, considering that syntactic properties of a sentence can affect word meaning (Kostić et al., 2003). The second aim was to explore whether the potential (in)consistency of the polysemy effect could be a consequence of the dynamics of mapping cues to outcomes in a discriminative learning (DL) network.
We collected lexical decision data and compared the predictive power of information-theoretic (IT) measures of uncertainty and the measures derived from the DL model (Baayen et al., 2011). We presented 35 polysemous nouns of masculine gender to 124 participants. Each noun was presented in seven inflected forms in a Latin-square design. Reaction times were predicted by two sets of variables – entropy of the sense frequency distribution (Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2017). DL predictors were derived from two cue-outcome weight matrices (Milin et al., 2017). Grapheme-to-lexome (G2L) matrix was calculated from a network mapping trigraphs to lemmata. Lexome-to-lexome (L2L) matrix from a network mapping 1000 co-occurring context words as cues to lemmata.
Diversity measures from G2L and L2L (r = .36, p < .001; r = .25, p < .001), and G2L prior measure (r = .27, p < .001) correlated with entropy. We modelled lexical decision latencies with GAMMs (Wood, 2006) and compared models with entropy and DL predictors interacting with the inflected form. The entropy model revealed differing entropy effects across word forms, with marginal significance in the nominative form. DL model revealed a similar variation in DL predictor effect but had a better fit than the IT model.
Inconsistent entropy effects across word forms suggest that there might be an interaction between semantics and syntax. Correlations between DL and entropy measures reveal that discrimination of orthographic cues might be a process behind this observed complexity. This research opens the question of the need for estimating ambiguity separately across different inflected forms of the same lemmata.",
publisher = "Institute for Psychology and Laboratory for Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade",
journal = "Book of Abstracts, XXVII Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, May 13-16, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade",
title = "The polysemy effect across inflected word forms",
pages = "38-37",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5142"
}

Mišić, K.,& Filipović Đurđević, D.. (2021). The polysemy effect across inflected word forms. in Book of Abstracts, XXVII Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, May 13-16, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade
Institute for Psychology and Laboratory for Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade., 37-38.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5142

Mišić K, Filipović Đurđević D. The polysemy effect across inflected word forms. in Book of Abstracts, XXVII Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, May 13-16, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade. 2021;:37-38.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5142 .

Mišić, Ksenija, Filipović Đurđević, Dušica, "The polysemy effect across inflected word forms" in Book of Abstracts, XXVII Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, May 13-16, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade (2021):37-38,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5142 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Mišić, Ksenija
AU  - Filipović Đurđević, Dušica
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5140
AB  - The interactive approach in the modularity-of-syntax debate suggests that we simultaneously process a vast amount of information regarding both semantic and syntactic meaning of a word. When we add to the consideration the ubiquity of ambiguity phenomena such as polysemy (multiple related senses), the information that most words convey seems quite demanding. Knowing that multiple approaches demonstrated the interaction between semantic and syntactic meanings (Kostić et al., 2004; Mišić & Filipović Đurđević, 2021), the aim of this study was to investigate whether this complexity can arise from a simple and cognitively plausible learning mechanism such as Rescorla-Wagner rule (RW; Rescorla & Wagner, 1972) implemented in the ndl framework (Arppe et al., 2015). Starting from the fact ndl can perform as a classifier (Milin et al., 2017, Sering et al., 2018), we wanted to test whether it can predict the correct inflected form of a polysemous word based on both orthographic and semantic cues.
For the purposes of this paper we conducted two simulation studies with two different networks. Orthographic network learned inflected forms of 150 Serbian polysemous words (outcomes) based on the orthographic cues (trigrams; bradom – #br, bra, rad, ado, dom, om#). Each appearance of a target word in corpus was considered a learning event. These events were used to train the network using the RW rule. For each of the unique learning events, we calculated the bottom-up support that the outcome gets from cues that appeared by summing cue-outcome connection weights. The network correctly classified 94.6% of the outcomes.
The semantic network utilized co-occurring words from the corpus as cues with the same outcomes. We preselected 3000 most frequent nouns, verbs, and adjectives (Frequency Dictionary of Contemporary Serbian Language; Kostić, 1999) for context words. Learning events in this simulation were built by moving a seven-point window centered on the outcome through the corpus. Whenever any of the context words were found within the positions flanking the outcome word, they would be considered cues in that learning event. RW rule training and classification on 880975 unique learning events was the same as in the orthographic network, however the success rate was opposite – only 3.4% of the words were correctly classified.
The success of the orthographic network is not surprising, considering the small sample of words which reduces the need for cue competition. On the other hand, semantic cues i.e. context words seem to have the exact opposite problem. When most frequent words are selected, they are shared between many of the outcomes. Fewer distinct cues make discrimination between outcomes harder. Therefore, this low classification rate in the semantic network does not reject the interactive approach, but suggests the cue selection that does not capture the complex semantic and syntactic information.
PB  - Faculty of Philosophy in Novi Sad
C3  - Book of Abstracts, Current Trends in Psychology Book of Abstracts, Faculty of Philosophy, Novi Sad, October 28-30
T1  - Can a naive discrimination learning model classify inflected forms of polysemous nouns?
EP  - 138
SP  - 137
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5140
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Mišić, Ksenija and Filipović Đurđević, Dušica",
year = "2021",
abstract = "The interactive approach in the modularity-of-syntax debate suggests that we simultaneously process a vast amount of information regarding both semantic and syntactic meaning of a word. When we add to the consideration the ubiquity of ambiguity phenomena such as polysemy (multiple related senses), the information that most words convey seems quite demanding. Knowing that multiple approaches demonstrated the interaction between semantic and syntactic meanings (Kostić et al., 2004; Mišić & Filipović Đurđević, 2021), the aim of this study was to investigate whether this complexity can arise from a simple and cognitively plausible learning mechanism such as Rescorla-Wagner rule (RW; Rescorla & Wagner, 1972) implemented in the ndl framework (Arppe et al., 2015). Starting from the fact ndl can perform as a classifier (Milin et al., 2017, Sering et al., 2018), we wanted to test whether it can predict the correct inflected form of a polysemous word based on both orthographic and semantic cues.
For the purposes of this paper we conducted two simulation studies with two different networks. Orthographic network learned inflected forms of 150 Serbian polysemous words (outcomes) based on the orthographic cues (trigrams; bradom – #br, bra, rad, ado, dom, om#). Each appearance of a target word in corpus was considered a learning event. These events were used to train the network using the RW rule. For each of the unique learning events, we calculated the bottom-up support that the outcome gets from cues that appeared by summing cue-outcome connection weights. The network correctly classified 94.6% of the outcomes.
The semantic network utilized co-occurring words from the corpus as cues with the same outcomes. We preselected 3000 most frequent nouns, verbs, and adjectives (Frequency Dictionary of Contemporary Serbian Language; Kostić, 1999) for context words. Learning events in this simulation were built by moving a seven-point window centered on the outcome through the corpus. Whenever any of the context words were found within the positions flanking the outcome word, they would be considered cues in that learning event. RW rule training and classification on 880975 unique learning events was the same as in the orthographic network, however the success rate was opposite – only 3.4% of the words were correctly classified.
The success of the orthographic network is not surprising, considering the small sample of words which reduces the need for cue competition. On the other hand, semantic cues i.e. context words seem to have the exact opposite problem. When most frequent words are selected, they are shared between many of the outcomes. Fewer distinct cues make discrimination between outcomes harder. Therefore, this low classification rate in the semantic network does not reject the interactive approach, but suggests the cue selection that does not capture the complex semantic and syntactic information.",
publisher = "Faculty of Philosophy in Novi Sad",
journal = "Book of Abstracts, Current Trends in Psychology Book of Abstracts, Faculty of Philosophy, Novi Sad, October 28-30",
title = "Can a naive discrimination learning model classify inflected forms of polysemous nouns?",
pages = "138-137",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5140"
}

Mišić, K.,& Filipović Đurđević, D.. (2021). Can a naive discrimination learning model classify inflected forms of polysemous nouns?. in Book of Abstracts, Current Trends in Psychology Book of Abstracts, Faculty of Philosophy, Novi Sad, October 28-30
Faculty of Philosophy in Novi Sad., 137-138.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5140

Mišić K, Filipović Đurđević D. Can a naive discrimination learning model classify inflected forms of polysemous nouns?. in Book of Abstracts, Current Trends in Psychology Book of Abstracts, Faculty of Philosophy, Novi Sad, October 28-30. 2021;:137-138.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5140 .

Mišić, Ksenija, Filipović Đurđević, Dušica, "Can a naive discrimination learning model classify inflected forms of polysemous nouns?" in Book of Abstracts, Current Trends in Psychology Book of Abstracts, Faculty of Philosophy, Novi Sad, October 28-30 (2021):137-138,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5140 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Anđelić, Sara
AU  - Ilić, Lenka
AU  - Mišić, Ksenija
AU  - Filipović Đurđević, Dušica
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5143
AB  - Previous research revealed a significant polysemy effect: namely, it found that words with multiple related senses (polysemous words) are recognised faster compared to the words with multiple unrelated meanings (homonymous words) and words with only one meaning/sense (unambiguous words; Rodd et al., 2002). The measure of ambiguity in polysemous words was the number of senses (NoS), derived from the meanings/senses provided by native speakers. NoS was a significant predictor of reaction time in visual lexical decision task (VLDT) experiments (Filipović Đurđević, 2007). This is in accordance with various models of lexical ambiguity processing. Although some attribute the effect to an increased semantic activation due to the facilitation among the related senses (Armstrong & Plaut, 2016; Rodd et al., 2004), whereas others attribute it to the differences at the level of responding (Hino & Lupker, 1996), they agree in predicting the processing advantage in polysemous word recognition. Research in Serbian revealed this effect in noun and verb processing (Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2008; Mišić & Filipović Đurđević, 2019; 2020). The aim of this research was to further generalize the findings and to test whether the NoS effect is present in polysemous adjective recognition. The prediction was that the increase in the NoS and word frequency would be followed by faster adjective recognition. In this research, the participants were presented with a VLDT consisting of 107 polysemous Serbian adjectives. They were presented in all three grammatical genders using the Latin square design between participants, which allowed each participant to see only one form of the same adjective. Multiple regression revealed that the NoS and frequency were significant predictors of the reaction time: polysemous adjectives with higher NoS and higher frequency were processed faster (NoS: β = -.199, S.E. = .093, df = 106, t = -2.143, p < .05; frequency: β = -.281, S.E. = .093, df = 106, t = -3.036, p < .05). These findings are in accordance with our hypothesis and concur with the previous findings from the experiments with nouns and verbs (Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2008; Mišić & Filipović Đurđević, 2019; 2020), as well as various models regarding word ambiguity processing (Armstrong & Plaut, 2016; Hino & Lupker, 1996; Rodd et al., 2004). Together they converge to the conclusion that the NoS facilitates recognition of polysemous words in the VLDT across different parts of speech.
PB  - Institute for Psychology and Laboratory for Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade
C3  - Book of Abstracts, XXVII Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, May 13-16, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade
T1  - The numberof senses effect in polysemous adjective recognition
SP  - 32
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5143
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Anđelić, Sara and Ilić, Lenka and Mišić, Ksenija and Filipović Đurđević, Dušica",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Previous research revealed a significant polysemy effect: namely, it found that words with multiple related senses (polysemous words) are recognised faster compared to the words with multiple unrelated meanings (homonymous words) and words with only one meaning/sense (unambiguous words; Rodd et al., 2002). The measure of ambiguity in polysemous words was the number of senses (NoS), derived from the meanings/senses provided by native speakers. NoS was a significant predictor of reaction time in visual lexical decision task (VLDT) experiments (Filipović Đurđević, 2007). This is in accordance with various models of lexical ambiguity processing. Although some attribute the effect to an increased semantic activation due to the facilitation among the related senses (Armstrong & Plaut, 2016; Rodd et al., 2004), whereas others attribute it to the differences at the level of responding (Hino & Lupker, 1996), they agree in predicting the processing advantage in polysemous word recognition. Research in Serbian revealed this effect in noun and verb processing (Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2008; Mišić & Filipović Đurđević, 2019; 2020). The aim of this research was to further generalize the findings and to test whether the NoS effect is present in polysemous adjective recognition. The prediction was that the increase in the NoS and word frequency would be followed by faster adjective recognition. In this research, the participants were presented with a VLDT consisting of 107 polysemous Serbian adjectives. They were presented in all three grammatical genders using the Latin square design between participants, which allowed each participant to see only one form of the same adjective. Multiple regression revealed that the NoS and frequency were significant predictors of the reaction time: polysemous adjectives with higher NoS and higher frequency were processed faster (NoS: β = -.199, S.E. = .093, df = 106, t = -2.143, p < .05; frequency: β = -.281, S.E. = .093, df = 106, t = -3.036, p < .05). These findings are in accordance with our hypothesis and concur with the previous findings from the experiments with nouns and verbs (Filipović Đurđević & Kostić, 2008; Mišić & Filipović Đurđević, 2019; 2020), as well as various models regarding word ambiguity processing (Armstrong & Plaut, 2016; Hino & Lupker, 1996; Rodd et al., 2004). Together they converge to the conclusion that the NoS facilitates recognition of polysemous words in the VLDT across different parts of speech.",
publisher = "Institute for Psychology and Laboratory for Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade",
journal = "Book of Abstracts, XXVII Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, May 13-16, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade",
title = "The numberof senses effect in polysemous adjective recognition",
pages = "32",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5143"
}

Anđelić, S., Ilić, L., Mišić, K.,& Filipović Đurđević, D.. (2021). The numberof senses effect in polysemous adjective recognition. in Book of Abstracts, XXVII Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, May 13-16, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade
Institute for Psychology and Laboratory for Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade., 32.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5143

Anđelić S, Ilić L, Mišić K, Filipović Đurđević D. The numberof senses effect in polysemous adjective recognition. in Book of Abstracts, XXVII Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, May 13-16, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade. 2021;:32.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5143 .

Anđelić, Sara, Ilić, Lenka, Mišić, Ksenija, Filipović Đurđević, Dušica, "The numberof senses effect in polysemous adjective recognition" in Book of Abstracts, XXVII Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, May 13-16, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade (2021):32,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5143 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Mišić, Ksenija
AU  - Filipović Đurđević, Dušica
PY  - 2020
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5148
AB  - Semantic Settling Dynamics (SSD) model predicts that polysemy effect would change as a
function of time spent in processing (Armstrong & Plaut, 2016). In early processing, the
processing advantage would be large (compared to unambiguous words), whereas later, the
effect would decrease. Research in Serbian described polysemy by quantitatively expressing
the magnitude of the ambiguity of a particular word through measures such as number of
senses (NoS). Such experiments revealed a facilitatory effect of polysemy in visual lexical
decision task (vLDT; Filipović Đurđević, 2007). In SSD framework, this effect would be the
equivalent of the early processing. Once the processing is prolonged, we expected reduction
of this effect, similar to previous findings comparing polysemy to unambiguous words. This
was demonstrated in experiments that employed the prolonging strategy of comparing vLDT
(early processing) and auditory lexical decision task (aLDT; late processing). When the
stimuli were nouns, we found the expected facilitatory polysemy effect in vLDT and null
effect in aLDT (Mišić & Filipović Đurđević, 2019). Compared to the model predictions and
the previous research, this loss of effect in later processing was unexpected. Therefore, the
aim of this research was twofold – to extend the SSD testing on polysemous verbs and to
replicate the results we found on nouns. We tested whether the NoS effect would change in
the late processing by using the same prolonging strategy as in previous experiments.
Two groups of participants (71 in vLDT, 75 in aLDT) were presented with 100 polysemous
verbs in two versions of lexical decision task – visual and auditory. NoS was estimated based
on the senses listed in the Matica Srpska dictionary (2007). Linear mixed modelling revealed
that the aLDT was significantly slower than the vLDT. Marginal facilitatory NoS effect was
found in vLDT (β = -.020, S.E. = .010, df = 100.07, t = -1.934, p = .056). The interaction with
task modality was also marginally significant (β = .019, S.E. = .010, df = 98.84, t = -1.871,
p = .064).
Even though the NoS effect was marginally significant in both the baseline and the prolonged
processing condition, the trends point to the same pattern of the results as the ones previously
found. Early processing reveals a facilitatory effect, while in later processing, that effect is
attenuated. This is a partial replication of the findings from the noun experiment and together
they converge to the conclusion that the SSD model cannot give precise predictions regarding
the effect change.
PB  - Institute for Psychology and Laboratory for Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade
C3  - Book of Abstracts, XXVI Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, October 15-18, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade
T1  - Temporal dynamics of polysemous verb processing
SP  - 36
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5148
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Mišić, Ksenija and Filipović Đurđević, Dušica",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Semantic Settling Dynamics (SSD) model predicts that polysemy effect would change as a
function of time spent in processing (Armstrong & Plaut, 2016). In early processing, the
processing advantage would be large (compared to unambiguous words), whereas later, the
effect would decrease. Research in Serbian described polysemy by quantitatively expressing
the magnitude of the ambiguity of a particular word through measures such as number of
senses (NoS). Such experiments revealed a facilitatory effect of polysemy in visual lexical
decision task (vLDT; Filipović Đurđević, 2007). In SSD framework, this effect would be the
equivalent of the early processing. Once the processing is prolonged, we expected reduction
of this effect, similar to previous findings comparing polysemy to unambiguous words. This
was demonstrated in experiments that employed the prolonging strategy of comparing vLDT
(early processing) and auditory lexical decision task (aLDT; late processing). When the
stimuli were nouns, we found the expected facilitatory polysemy effect in vLDT and null
effect in aLDT (Mišić & Filipović Đurđević, 2019). Compared to the model predictions and
the previous research, this loss of effect in later processing was unexpected. Therefore, the
aim of this research was twofold – to extend the SSD testing on polysemous verbs and to
replicate the results we found on nouns. We tested whether the NoS effect would change in
the late processing by using the same prolonging strategy as in previous experiments.
Two groups of participants (71 in vLDT, 75 in aLDT) were presented with 100 polysemous
verbs in two versions of lexical decision task – visual and auditory. NoS was estimated based
on the senses listed in the Matica Srpska dictionary (2007). Linear mixed modelling revealed
that the aLDT was significantly slower than the vLDT. Marginal facilitatory NoS effect was
found in vLDT (β = -.020, S.E. = .010, df = 100.07, t = -1.934, p = .056). The interaction with
task modality was also marginally significant (β = .019, S.E. = .010, df = 98.84, t = -1.871,
p = .064).
Even though the NoS effect was marginally significant in both the baseline and the prolonged
processing condition, the trends point to the same pattern of the results as the ones previously
found. Early processing reveals a facilitatory effect, while in later processing, that effect is
attenuated. This is a partial replication of the findings from the noun experiment and together
they converge to the conclusion that the SSD model cannot give precise predictions regarding
the effect change.",
publisher = "Institute for Psychology and Laboratory for Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade",
journal = "Book of Abstracts, XXVI Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, October 15-18, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade",
title = "Temporal dynamics of polysemous verb processing",
pages = "36",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5148"
}

Mišić, K.,& Filipović Đurđević, D.. (2020). Temporal dynamics of polysemous verb processing. in Book of Abstracts, XXVI Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, October 15-18, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade
Institute for Psychology and Laboratory for Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade., 36.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5148

Mišić K, Filipović Đurđević D. Temporal dynamics of polysemous verb processing. in Book of Abstracts, XXVI Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, October 15-18, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade. 2020;:36.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5148 .

Mišić, Ksenija, Filipović Đurđević, Dušica, "Temporal dynamics of polysemous verb processing" in Book of Abstracts, XXVI Scientific Conference Empirical Studies in Psychology, October 15-18, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade (2020):36,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_5148 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Manojlović, Milica
AU  - Mišić, Ksenija
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4792
AB  - In this study we focused on semantic ambiguity, namely, the difference between homonyms (multiple unrelated meanings) and polysemous words (multiple related senses). Previous research on processing effects of ambiguity found that polysemous words were processed faster, whereas homonymous were slower compared to unambiguous words (Rodd, Gaskell, & Marslen-Wilson, 2002). However, to the best of our knowledge, the ambiguity effect has never been researched in memory tasks. This study aimed to explore whether relatedness of meanings would have an effect on recall. Having in mind that the effects observed in processing tasks have a tendency to reverse in memory tasks, we predicted the similar reversal in our study. Such is the case with word frequency which facilitates word recognition, but makes the recall of the word harder (Lohnas & Kahana, 2013; Taft, 1979). Additionally, findings on the word processing facilitation by that word’s associates (Mayes, Montaldi & Migo, 2007) agree with our ambiguity effect reversal hypothesis. We therefore predicted that homonyms would show the highest recall, followed by unambiguous and ultimately polysemous words. We constructed a list containing 20 polysemes, 20 homonyms, and 20 unambiguous words that were randomly ordered. Four unambiguous fillers were presented at the beginning and the end of the list to control for the serial order effects. The list was presented to 30 participants in a free recall task. They were told that we are testing reading comprehension and that the task was to read the words carefully. The dependent variables were the percentage of a word recall (by-participant analysis) and the percentage of word group recall (by-stimuli). Two analyses were conducted using by-participant (F1) and by-item (F2) ANOVA. Homonyms were recalled the most, followed by unambiguous words, with polysemes being recalled the least (F1(2, 58) = 52.640, p < .001, η2 = .645; F2(2, 57) = 6.268, p < .003, η2 = .180). These results are congruent with our hypothesis, and point to the fact that ambiguity affects recall and that the meaning/sense relatedness plays a significant role in the process. When explaining these findings we must also consider temporal dynamics in semantics (Armstrong, 2012). Prolonged processing time allows all meanings of homonyms to achieve maximal activation of word representations, but also their associates during the time of the stimulus presentation, while simultaneously, the same effect decreases for polysemous words.
PB  - Institut za psihologiju, Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu
PB  - Laboratorija za eksperimentalnu psihologiju, Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu
C3  - Knjiga rezimea, XXV naučni skup Empirijska istraživanja u psihologiji
T1  - The effect of semantic relatedness of ambiguous words in the free recall task
SP  - 43
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_4792
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Manojlović, Milica and Mišić, Ksenija",
year = "2019",
abstract = "In this study we focused on semantic ambiguity, namely, the difference between homonyms (multiple unrelated meanings) and polysemous words (multiple related senses). Previous research on processing effects of ambiguity found that polysemous words were processed faster, whereas homonymous were slower compared to unambiguous words (Rodd, Gaskell, & Marslen-Wilson, 2002). However, to the best of our knowledge, the ambiguity effect has never been researched in memory tasks. This study aimed to explore whether relatedness of meanings would have an effect on recall. Having in mind that the effects observed in processing tasks have a tendency to reverse in memory tasks, we predicted the similar reversal in our study. Such is the case with word frequency which facilitates word recognition, but makes the recall of the word harder (Lohnas & Kahana, 2013; Taft, 1979). Additionally, findings on the word processing facilitation by that word’s associates (Mayes, Montaldi & Migo, 2007) agree with our ambiguity effect reversal hypothesis. We therefore predicted that homonyms would show the highest recall, followed by unambiguous and ultimately polysemous words. We constructed a list containing 20 polysemes, 20 homonyms, and 20 unambiguous words that were randomly ordered. Four unambiguous fillers were presented at the beginning and the end of the list to control for the serial order effects. The list was presented to 30 participants in a free recall task. They were told that we are testing reading comprehension and that the task was to read the words carefully. The dependent variables were the percentage of a word recall (by-participant analysis) and the percentage of word group recall (by-stimuli). Two analyses were conducted using by-participant (F1) and by-item (F2) ANOVA. Homonyms were recalled the most, followed by unambiguous words, with polysemes being recalled the least (F1(2, 58) = 52.640, p < .001, η2 = .645; F2(2, 57) = 6.268, p < .003, η2 = .180). These results are congruent with our hypothesis, and point to the fact that ambiguity affects recall and that the meaning/sense relatedness plays a significant role in the process. When explaining these findings we must also consider temporal dynamics in semantics (Armstrong, 2012). Prolonged processing time allows all meanings of homonyms to achieve maximal activation of word representations, but also their associates during the time of the stimulus presentation, while simultaneously, the same effect decreases for polysemous words.",
publisher = "Institut za psihologiju, Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Laboratorija za eksperimentalnu psihologiju, Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu",
journal = "Knjiga rezimea, XXV naučni skup Empirijska istraživanja u psihologiji",
title = "The effect of semantic relatedness of ambiguous words in the free recall task",
pages = "43",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_4792"
}

Manojlović, M.,& Mišić, K.. (2019). The effect of semantic relatedness of ambiguous words in the free recall task. in Knjiga rezimea, XXV naučni skup Empirijska istraživanja u psihologiji
Institut za psihologiju, Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu., 43.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_4792

Manojlović M, Mišić K. The effect of semantic relatedness of ambiguous words in the free recall task. in Knjiga rezimea, XXV naučni skup Empirijska istraživanja u psihologiji. 2019;:43.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_4792 .

Manojlović, Milica, Mišić, Ksenija, "The effect of semantic relatedness of ambiguous words in the free recall task" in Knjiga rezimea, XXV naučni skup Empirijska istraživanja u psihologiji (2019):43,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_4792 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Lazić, Una
AU  - Miličić, Ivana
AU  - Mišić, Ksenija
AU  - Nedimović, Predrag
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4918
AB  - SR: Sećanja predstavljaju više rekonstrukciju nego reprodukciju događaja, što i potvrđuje
postojanje brojnih fenomena modifikacije sećanja među kojima su jedan od najistraženijih
lažna sećanja. Lažna sećanja su bogata detaljima, emocijama, puna fikcije i netačnih podataka,
što olakšava manipulisanje postojećim informacijama. U nizu istraživanja pokazano je da je
moguće izazvati sećanje na nepostojeći događaj, kao i da se pomoću sugestivnih pitanja može
izvršiti potpuna izmena sećanja (Loftus & Ketchman, 1994; Loftus & Pickrell, 1995). Uprkos
tome što su do sada ispitani mnogi faktori koji utiču na pojavu lažnih sećanja, do sada nije
ispitivan uticaj perspektive iz koje se posmatra događaj, odnosno da li smo bili akter ili
posmatrač događaja sećanja. Nalazi potekli iz oblasti video igara govore o razlikama u
percepciji prostora u zavisnosti od perspektive (El Nasr & Yan, 2006). Iz perspektive aktera
veći je fokus na centar ekrana, dok je iz perspektive posmatrača fokus i na centru i na okolini.
Stoga je cilj našeg istraživanja bio da ispitamo razlike u učestalosti lažnih sećanja vezanih za
centar ili okolinu u zavisnosti od perspektive ispitanika. Pretpostavke su bile da će ispitanici
koji su sećanje formirali iz ugla aktera biti skloniji lažnim sećanjima vezanim za okolinu. Sa
druge strane, kod ispitanika-posmatrača učestalost lažnih sećanja biće jednaka za centar i
okolinu.
Dvema grupama od po 15 ispitanika prikazana su dva videa sa istim događajem. Prva grupa
gledala je video u kom se radnja prikazivala iz prvog lica (akter), a drugoj grupi je prikazan
video iz trećeg lica (posmatrač). Za indukciju lažnih sećanja korišćen je upitnik konstruisan za
potrebe ovog istraživanja koji je sadržao 20 pitanja sugestivnog i nesugestivnog tipa vezanih
za radnju (centar) i okolinu snimka.
Analiza podataka je pokazala da je značajan nalaz našeg istraživanja glavni efekat faktora
centar/okolina (F(1, 14) = 8.680, p = .011, η2 = .383), dok nije bilo efekta perspektive
posmatranja (F(1, 14) = 2.464, p = .139, η2 = .150). Ovaj podatak ukazuje na to da su ispitanici
bolje pamtili detalje vezane za centar, bez obzira na perspektivu iz koje su gledali snimak,
odnosno posvećivali su više pažnje radnji nego okolini. Takođe, to sugeriše da na učestalost
pojave lažnih sećanja ne utiče lice iz kog se ispitanik priseća događaja, već da bitniju ulogu
ima pažnja koja se posveti. Uz adekvatnu pažnju vizuelna perspektiva prestaje da ima važnu
ulogu u formiranju lažnih sećanja.
EN: False memories represent memories of an event that has never occurred, and they are usually
formed using suggestive questions (Loftus & Ketchman, 1994). The influence of visual
perspective (actor or spectator) on false memory formation has not been researched so far.
Research has shown that we tend to focus on the event (center) from the actor perspective and
KOGNITIVNA PSIHOLOGIJA
48
we give equal attention to the event and the surroundings from the spectator perspective (El
Nasr & Yan, 2006). The aim of this research was to examine the differences in false memory
formation depending on the perspective. In a series of analyses, no difference has been found
between the actor and the spectator perspective, while the most false memories were related to
the details from the surroundings. The results of our research have shown that the attention
paid to the event is more important than the visual perspective in false memory induction.
PB  - Laboratorija za eksperimentalnu psihologiju, Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu
PB  - Institut za psihologiju, Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu
C3  - XXV naučni skup Empirijska istraživanja u psihologiji, knjiga rezimea
T1  - Uticaj perspektive aktera i posmatrača na indukovanje lažnih sećanja o događaju
SP  - 47
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_4918
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Lazić, Una and Miličić, Ivana and Mišić, Ksenija and Nedimović, Predrag",
year = "2019",
abstract = "SR: Sećanja predstavljaju više rekonstrukciju nego reprodukciju događaja, što i potvrđuje
postojanje brojnih fenomena modifikacije sećanja među kojima su jedan od najistraženijih
lažna sećanja. Lažna sećanja su bogata detaljima, emocijama, puna fikcije i netačnih podataka,
što olakšava manipulisanje postojećim informacijama. U nizu istraživanja pokazano je da je
moguće izazvati sećanje na nepostojeći događaj, kao i da se pomoću sugestivnih pitanja može
izvršiti potpuna izmena sećanja (Loftus & Ketchman, 1994; Loftus & Pickrell, 1995). Uprkos
tome što su do sada ispitani mnogi faktori koji utiču na pojavu lažnih sećanja, do sada nije
ispitivan uticaj perspektive iz koje se posmatra događaj, odnosno da li smo bili akter ili
posmatrač događaja sećanja. Nalazi potekli iz oblasti video igara govore o razlikama u
percepciji prostora u zavisnosti od perspektive (El Nasr & Yan, 2006). Iz perspektive aktera
veći je fokus na centar ekrana, dok je iz perspektive posmatrača fokus i na centru i na okolini.
Stoga je cilj našeg istraživanja bio da ispitamo razlike u učestalosti lažnih sećanja vezanih za
centar ili okolinu u zavisnosti od perspektive ispitanika. Pretpostavke su bile da će ispitanici
koji su sećanje formirali iz ugla aktera biti skloniji lažnim sećanjima vezanim za okolinu. Sa
druge strane, kod ispitanika-posmatrača učestalost lažnih sećanja biće jednaka za centar i
okolinu.
Dvema grupama od po 15 ispitanika prikazana su dva videa sa istim događajem. Prva grupa
gledala je video u kom se radnja prikazivala iz prvog lica (akter), a drugoj grupi je prikazan
video iz trećeg lica (posmatrač). Za indukciju lažnih sećanja korišćen je upitnik konstruisan za
potrebe ovog istraživanja koji je sadržao 20 pitanja sugestivnog i nesugestivnog tipa vezanih
za radnju (centar) i okolinu snimka.
Analiza podataka je pokazala da je značajan nalaz našeg istraživanja glavni efekat faktora
centar/okolina (F(1, 14) = 8.680, p = .011, η2 = .383), dok nije bilo efekta perspektive
posmatranja (F(1, 14) = 2.464, p = .139, η2 = .150). Ovaj podatak ukazuje na to da su ispitanici
bolje pamtili detalje vezane za centar, bez obzira na perspektivu iz koje su gledali snimak,
odnosno posvećivali su više pažnje radnji nego okolini. Takođe, to sugeriše da na učestalost
pojave lažnih sećanja ne utiče lice iz kog se ispitanik priseća događaja, već da bitniju ulogu
ima pažnja koja se posveti. Uz adekvatnu pažnju vizuelna perspektiva prestaje da ima važnu
ulogu u formiranju lažnih sećanja.
EN: False memories represent memories of an event that has never occurred, and they are usually
formed using suggestive questions (Loftus & Ketchman, 1994). The influence of visual
perspective (actor or spectator) on false memory formation has not been researched so far.
Research has shown that we tend to focus on the event (center) from the actor perspective and
KOGNITIVNA PSIHOLOGIJA
48
we give equal attention to the event and the surroundings from the spectator perspective (El
Nasr & Yan, 2006). The aim of this research was to examine the differences in false memory
formation depending on the perspective. In a series of analyses, no difference has been found
between the actor and the spectator perspective, while the most false memories were related to
the details from the surroundings. The results of our research have shown that the attention
paid to the event is more important than the visual perspective in false memory induction.",
publisher = "Laboratorija za eksperimentalnu psihologiju, Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Institut za psihologiju, Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu",
journal = "XXV naučni skup Empirijska istraživanja u psihologiji, knjiga rezimea",
title = "Uticaj perspektive aktera i posmatrača na indukovanje lažnih sećanja o događaju",
pages = "47",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_4918"
}

Lazić, U., Miličić, I., Mišić, K.,& Nedimović, P.. (2019). Uticaj perspektive aktera i posmatrača na indukovanje lažnih sećanja o događaju. in XXV naučni skup Empirijska istraživanja u psihologiji, knjiga rezimea
Laboratorija za eksperimentalnu psihologiju, Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu., 47.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_4918

Lazić U, Miličić I, Mišić K, Nedimović P. Uticaj perspektive aktera i posmatrača na indukovanje lažnih sećanja o događaju. in XXV naučni skup Empirijska istraživanja u psihologiji, knjiga rezimea. 2019;:47.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_4918 .

Lazić, Una, Miličić, Ivana, Mišić, Ksenija, Nedimović, Predrag, "Uticaj perspektive aktera i posmatrača na indukovanje lažnih sećanja o događaju" in XXV naučni skup Empirijska istraživanja u psihologiji, knjiga rezimea (2019):47,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_reff_4918 .