Hiperboreja u srpskoj arheologiji

Abstract

Hiperboreja, mitska zemlja čistih i blaženih bezgrešnika, negde daleko na nedefinisanom Severu, vazda je bila pogodno tlo za genezu različitih genealoških interpretacija i svojatanja, kako rasnih, nacionalnih, ideoloških, tako i pseudona- učnih, ali ona je takođe i legitimni predmet naučnog interesovanja istoriografije, arheologije i lingvistike. U srpskoj arheologiji prvi je Miloje Vasić razmatrao arte- fakte i ritualne prakse u Vinči, tumačeći ih, između ostalog, i mitom o Apolonu i Hiperborejcima koji svoje darove, umotane u slamu, šalju sa Severa na Delos. Vasić je vrlo eksplicitno tvrdio da je jasno da se mit o Hiperborejcima mora odnositi na tradicije Vinče i Podunavlja. Hiperborejsku ideju razrađuje i lingvista Milan Budi- mir, posmatrajući je u ključu balkanskog kontinuiteta. Doprinos ali i zaokret u priči o balkanskoj Hiperboreji donosi rad Drage Garašanin o bronzanodopskim kolicima iz Dupljaje, koja ona tumači u ključu mita o hiperborejskom Apolonu, solarnom kultu i nebeskim kočijama koje vuku labudovi. Dupljajska kolica postaju u srpskoj arheologiji centralni motiv narativa o vezama severne Evrope, Balkana i Egeje u bronzano doba. Ovakva tumačenja, teorijski i hronološki modifikovana, i danas postoje u srpskoj i evropskoj nauci, te su postala interpretativno opšte mesto.

Hyperborea, the mythical land of the pure and blessed righteous, somewhere far in the undefined North, has always provided suitable grounds for the generation of various genealogical interpretations and appropriations, racial, national, ideological, as well as pseudo-scientific. However, it is also a legitimate object of research of history, archaeology and linguistics. In Serbian archaeology, it was Miloje Vasić who first scrutinized the artifacts and ritual practices at Vinča, interpreting them, among other, as representations of the myths of Apollo and Hyperboreans sending their gifts from North to Delos wrapped in hay. He very explicitly argued that the myth of Hyperboreans clearly relates to the traditions of Vinča and the Danube valley. The Hyperborean theme was also elaborated by the linguist Milan Budimir, treating it in the light of the Balkan continuity. Draga Garašanin contributed, but also changed the idea of the Balkan Hyperborea in her paper on the Bronze Age chariot from Dupljaja, interpreting this find in the light of the myth of the Hyperborean Apollo, the solar cult and the heavenly chariot with swans. The Dupljaja chariot became the central motif in the Serbian archaeology infering the connections of northern Europe, the Balkans and the Aegean during the Bronze Age. Similar interpretations, theoretically and chronologically modified, are still present in the Serbian and European archaeology today